坡面水土保持措施效益评价--以贵州省冗雷河小流域为例  

Benefit evaluation on soil and water conservation practices:A case study on Rongleihe Watershed in Guizhou province

作　　者：杨扬[1] 刘雨鑫[1] 金平伟 向家平 谢云[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站,广州510611

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第5期64-71,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“地表过程模型与模拟”(41321001)

摘　　要：系统评价水土保持措施效益并查明水土保持措施在实施过程中存在的问题,对于水土保持工作的规划、管理和执行具有重大意义。最新发布的GB/T 15774—2008《水土保持综合治理效益计算方法》详尽描述了水土保持措施的各类效益和计算方法,但也存在指标过多、操作性差以及重复计算等问题。为了科学合理地评价水土保持措施效益,本研究以针对性强、可量化和避免重复三项原则筛选出调水保土效益和生态效益的计算项目,并基于生态系统服务功能计算生态效益价值。将这一方法应用于贵州省冗雷河小流域的综合治理试点项目(2008—2010)发现:该项目的坡面水土保持措施预计实现多年平均减流深11.0 mm/a,减蚀厚2.0 mm/a,生态效益总计107.1万元/a。本文是对水土保持生态效益价值化的一次尝试,结果可为当地水土保持决策提供参考依据。Assessing the benefits of soil and water conservation practices and discovering the problems present in their applications are of great significance to soil conservation planning,management and operation. The latest national standard,i. e.,＂Comprehensive control of soil and water conservation—Method of benefit calculation（ GB / T 15774—2008） ＂,describes different kinds of benefits and their evaluation techniques. However,this standard involves too many evaluation items,some of which are difficult or even impossible to directly attain or calculate in practice. In addition,certain benefits are counted more than once using the evaluation techniques suggested. These shortcomings have greatly limited the application of this standard. In the current study, a new benefit evaluation method is proposed. Targeted,quantifiable and unique evaluation items are selected for the assessment of soil and water conservation benefits as well as the ecological ones. Furthermore,the value of each ecological benefit is calculated based on its ecosystem service function,using related economic theories. This method has been applied in the benefit evaluation of the integrated soil conservation project operated on Rongleihe Watershed in Guizhouduring 2008—2010. It is predicted that this project would reduce the annual runoff depth by 11. 0 mm / a and the soil erosion depth by 2. 0 mm / a; and yield a total ecological benefit of 107. 1 × 10^4 yuan / a. Among the six main practices,soil and water conservation forests top in conserving water and reducing runoff; whereas,terraces exhibit the strongest ability in protecting soilfrom erosion. This study values the ecological benefits of soil and water conservation practices,and its results hold important implications for local policy making with regard to soil and water conservation.

关 键 词：水土保持 生态效益价值化 生态系统服务功能 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]