汶川地震滑坡治理区植被恢复效果研究  

Vegetation recovery in the landslide-tackling area of Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：孙丽文[1,2] 史常青[1,2] 赵廷宁[1,2] 李丹雄[1,2] 赖文豪[1,2] 丁万全 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第5期86-92,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项"四川地震灾区灾后植被恢复及可持续发展关键技术研究与示范"(201104109)

摘　　要：为了研究汶川地震后滑坡治理区的植被恢复能力,选取地震重灾区绵竹市汉旺镇为研究地点。采用Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Hurlbert均匀度指数、林下植被生物量等8个指标评价不同治理模式的植被恢复情况。利用主成分分析计算不同治理模式综合得分,对植被恢复效果进行综合评价。结果表明:1)治理模式区的植被以草本为主,治理模式区物种与自然恢复草地物种更为相似,不同治理模式之间物种相似性指数更高;2)植被恢复初期,草本层是林下干生物量的主要组成部分,林下植被生物量越大说明林地生产力越强;3)根据主成分和聚类分析将不同治理模式分为3大类,未受损林地植物群落较为稳定综合得分最高,自然恢复草地与土袋阶梯+桤木川柳,竹栅栏+红麸杨植被恢复效果相当分为一类,其余治理模式归为一类。人工治理对滑坡体植被恢复起到一定的促进作用。Hanwang town of Mianzhu city in Sichuan Province was selected as the study site to investigate the vegetation recovery in the landslide-tackling area of Wenchuan earthquake. Margalef richness index,Pielou evenness index,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,understory vegetation biomass and other eight indicators were used to evaluate differentiation of vegetation recovery in different governance patterns. To assess the effect of vegetation restoration,principal components analysis method was adopted for the calculation of the comprehensive score of each governance pattern. The results showed that： 1） the mainly vegetation of governance model area was herb,the species of governance pattern were more similar to natural recovery grassland and higher similarity indexes of species were found between different governance areas as well. 2） In the early stages of revegetation,the main component of biomass of understory vegetation was herbaceous layer,and more understory vegetation biomass indicated stronger productivity of forests. 3） According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis,different governance models were divided into three categories,undamaged forest with more stable plant communities obtained the highest score. Grassland of natural recovery sand bags ladder ＋ Alnus cremastogyne ＋ Salix hylonoma and bamboo fencing ＋ Rhus punjabensis had the same effect of vegetation recovery,and the rest could be classified as the same type. In conclusion,artificial control ofvegetation landslide body plays a positive role in promoting recovery.

关 键 词：汶川地震 治理模式 植被恢复 植物多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]