黄土区不同施肥措施对新造农田土壤的改良效果  

Improvement of new farmland soil in loess area under different fertilization treatments

作　　者：武晓莉[1] 姚晶晶[2] 贺龙云 党宏忠[1] 张友焱[1] 周泽福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第5期99-104,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑课题"农田水土保持生物防护关键技术研究"(2011BAD31B02)

摘　　要：以晋西黄土区新造农田为研究对象,以大豆为种植作物,比较分析施用有机肥（M）、有机肥＋无机肥（M＋NPK）、生物菌肥（B）、生物菌肥＋无机肥（B＋NPK）、无机肥（NPK）和对照（CK）6种措施对新造农田土壤物理性质的影响以及大豆产量的变化。结果表明：各施肥措施均能在一定程度上改善晋西黄土区新造农田土壤物理性质并提高大豆产量。1）B＋NPK措施在提高土壤最大持水量和田间持水量方面效果最显著,其最大持水量达362.80g/kg,比CK高15.23%,比其他4种施肥措施高1.85%-4.46%;其田间持水量达340.20 g/kg,比CK高15.54%,比其他4种施肥措施高1.45%-3.19%。2）M＋NPK措施在降低土壤密度、提高土壤孔隙度、改善土壤机械组成、促进水稳性团聚体形成、增加土壤有机质质量分数方面效果最显著,其大豆产量为5种施肥措施之首,高达173.55g/m^2,比CK增产235.95%,比其他4种施肥措施增产18.20%-125.80%。认为M＋NPK措施是晋西黄土区新造农田培肥与土壤物理性质改良的最佳选择。The study was conducted in new farmland of hilly loess region of western Shanxi Province where soybean is planted. We compared and analyzed the effect of six different fertilization measures,i.e.,organic fertilizer only（ M）,organic fertilizer ＋ inorganic fertilizer（ M ＋ NPK）,bio-fertilizer only（ B）,bio-fertilizer ＋ inorganic fertilizer（ B ＋ NPK）,applied inorganic fertilizer（ NPK） and control check（ CK）,on raw soil physical properties and changes in soybean yield. The results showed that all fertilization measures could improve the physical properties of raw soil to some extent and increase the soybean yield. Among them,B ＋ NPK had the most significant effect in increasing maximum moisture capacity and field moisture capacity,with the maximum moisture capacity 362. 80 g / kg,15. 23% higher than CK and 1. 85%-4. 46% higher than the other four measures; the field moisture capacity was340. 20 g / kg,which was 15. 54% higher than CK and 1. 45%-3. 19% higher than the other four measures. The effects of M ＋ NPK were the most significant in reducing soil density,increasing soil porosity,improving soil mechanical composition,promoting the formation of water-stable aggregates,and heightening soil organic matter content,and the soybean yield under this measure was the highest in the five measures,up to 173. 55 g / m^2,having a 235. 95% increase compared with CK and a 18. 20%-125. 80% increase compared with the other four measures. Therefore,M ＋ NPK was the optimum measure to improve raw soil physical properties and increase soybean yield in new farmland in the loess area of western Shanxi.

关 键 词：施肥措施 土壤改良 新造农田 土壤物理性质 大豆产量 黄土区 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]