Systems Neuroengineering: Understanding and Interacting with the Brain  

作　　者：Bradley J.Edelman Nessa Johnson Abbas Sohrabpour Shanbao Tong Nitish Thakor Bin He 

机构地区：[1]Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota [2]School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [3]Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University [4]SINAPSE Institute, National University of Singapore [5]Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota

出　　处：《Engineering》2015年第3期292-308,共17页工程（英文）

基　　金：supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (EB006433, EY023101, EB008389,and HL117664);the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET1450956, CBET-1264782, and DGE-1069104),to Bin He

摘　　要：In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological In this paper, we review the current stateof-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governsour everyday lives involves anintricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by speciflc anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering: neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity(via a neuroimaging modality) through a neural interface(invasive or noninvasive) and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering—to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of wholebrain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disord

关 键 词：systems neuroengineering NEUROIMAGING neural interface NEUROMODULATION NEUROTECHNOLOGY brain-computer interface brain-machine interface neural stimulation 

分 类 号：S854.5[农业科学—临床兽医学] Q427[农业科学—兽医学]