降低铸铁件残余应力的工艺研究  

Research on Processes Used for Decreasing Residual Stress of Iron Castings

作　　者：卫东海[1] 李克锐[1] 吴现龙[1] 李桐[1] 赵怀普[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州机械研究所,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《现代铸铁》2015年第5期62-69,共8页Modern Cast Iron

基　　金：国家"高档数控机床与基础制造装备"科技重大专项资助项目(2012ZX04010031)

摘　　要：采用盲孔法测量灰铸铁、球墨铸铁应力框试样的残余应力,研究了CE、打箱温度、振动时效、热时效等对机床床身用灰铸铁、球墨铸铁件残余应力的影响,获得降低铸铁件残余应力的技术措施并应用于机床床身。研究表明：适当提高CE和降低打箱温度均有利于降低铸态灰铸铁、球墨铸铁件的残余应力,在复合合金化的前提下推荐灰铸铁和球墨铸铁的CE分别为3.75%~3.85%和4.40%~4.60%,打箱温度低于300℃。＂阶梯式升温降温法＂热时效能显著降低残余应力,时效后HT300灰铸铁和QT600-3球墨铸铁试样的残余应力分别低于20 MPa和50 MPa。振动时效能降低残余应力,但其效果不及热时效。The influence of CE content,knock-out temperature,vibration ageing,and thermal ageing on residual stress of machine tool-used gray iron and nodular iron castings was investigated. As the result,the technical measures to decrease residual stress of iron castings were obtained and used for machine tool bed casting. Investigation showed：both properly elevating CE content and decreasing knock-out temperature were beneficial to decrease the residual stress of gray and nodular iron casting;under the condition of composite alloying it was recommended that the CE content of gray iron and nodular iron was of 3.75%~3.85% and4.40%~4.60% respectively,the knock-out temperature was of 300 ℃;The thermal ageing with ＂laddering type elevating and decreasing temperature＂could obviously decrease residual stress,and after ageing such way,the residual stress of HT300 grade gray iron specimen and QT600-3 grade nodular iron specimen decreased respectively to less than 20 MPa and 50 MPa. The vibration ageing could decrease residual stress,however its effect was inferior to the effect of thermal ageing.

关 键 词：残余应力 床身铸件 CE 打箱温度 时效 

分 类 号：TG250[金属学及工艺—铸造]