不同施氮模式对夏玉米生长、产量和氮素利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Apllication Modes on Growth,Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：王晓菁[1] 李中方[2] 臧贺藏[3] 张杰[3] 胡峰[3] 李国强[3] 冯晓[3] 赵晴[3] 郑国清[3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农产品质量监测中心,宁夏银川750002 [2]焦作师范高等专科学校,河南焦作454000 [3]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第10期68-72,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(121100110900)

摘　　要：以河南省的主栽玉米品种郑单958和先玉335为供试材料,在大田生产条件下设置4个施氮模式:0 kg/hm2(N0)、180 kg/hm2(N1,基肥120 kg/hm2+追肥60 kg/hm2)、240 kg/hm2(N2,基肥120 kg/hm2+追肥120 kg/hm2)和300 kg/hm2(N3,基肥120 kg/hm2+追肥180 kg/hm2),研究不同施氮模式下2个高产玉米品种的干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、产量及氮素利用效率,以期为该地区玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,随施氮量增加,2个玉米品种群体干物质积累量均呈增加趋势,各模式先玉335的群体干物质积累量均高于郑单958;2个玉米品种叶绿素含量均呈增加趋势,各模式先玉335的叶绿素含量均高于郑单958。随施氮量增加,郑单958和先玉335籽粒产量和氮素利用效率均先增加后降低,其中籽粒产量以N2模式最高,为10 209.04 kg/hm2和11 115.08 kg/hm2;氮素利用效率以N1模式最高,为57.37 kg/kg和57.01 kg/kg,与N2模式无显著差异;总体上先玉335的籽粒产量和氮素利用效率均高于郑单958。综合认为,2个玉米品种均以N2模式可以同步协调实现籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的提高,且先玉335优于郑单958。With two main local wheat cultivars, Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, as the test materials which were mainly planted in Henan province, the field experiments designed four nitrogen （N） application modes： 0 kg/ha （N0）,180 kg/ha（N1 ,base fertilizer of 120 kg/ha ＋ topdressing of 60 kg/ha）,240 kg/ha （N2,base fertilizer of 120 kg/ha ＋ topdressing of 120 kg/ha） and 300 kg/ha （N3, base fertilizer of 120 kg/ha ＋ topdressing of 180 kg/ha） , and the dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, yield and N utilization efficiency of two types of maize euhivars were studied under different N application modes, so as to provide theoretical basis for high yield and efficient maize cultivation in Henan province. The results showed that with the increase of N application rate, population dry matter accumulation in two maize varieties showed a trend of increase,each mode＇ s population dry matter accumulation amount of Xianyu 335 was higher than that of Zhengdan 958;chlorophyll content in two maize varieties increased, each mode＇ s chlorophyll content of Xianyu 335 was higher than that of Zhengdan 958. With the increase of N application rate, grain yield and N utilization efficiency showed a increase-decrease curve for both cultivars,the highest grain yield was 10 209.04 kg/ha and 11 115.08 kg/ha in N2 mode;the highest N utilization efficiency was 57. 37 kg/kg and 57. 01 kg/kg in N1 mode, and there was no significant difference between N1 and N2 mode;each mode＇ s grain yield and N utilization efficiency of Xianyu 335 was higher than that of Zhengdan 958. These results indicated that N2 mode in two maize varieties had higher grain yield and N utilization efficiency,and Xianyu 335 was superior to Zhengdan 958.

关 键 词：玉米 品种 氮肥 干物质积累 叶绿素含量 籽粒产量 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]