播期与密度对烤烟群体光合生产及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Sowing and Density on Groups Photosynthetic Production,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：郭宁[1] 严玛丽[1] 邵兰军[2] 周立非[2] 陈泽鹏[3] 黄浩[2] 曾繁东[2] 林建委[2] 郭俊杰 王维[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学烟草研究室,广东广州510642 [2]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广东广州510610 [3]广东省烟草专卖局(公司),广东广州510610 [4]广东烟草梅州市有限公司,广东梅州514000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2015年第5期153-160,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：广东中烟工业有限责任公司项目(粤烟工15XM-QK〔2013〕001);广东省烟草专卖局(公司)项目(201204)

摘　　要：为探究不同群体特征对烤烟生育期光合生产及产量和品质的影响,以云烟87为材料,通过设置不同播期与种植密度来构建不同烤烟群体,分别在烟株移栽后各生育时期完成光合生产相关指标测定及对烤后烟叶进行经济性状分析。结果表明:随着播期的推迟,烤烟大田期缩短,群体干物质积累量降低,叶面积系数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)降低,净同化率(NAR)、作物生长率(CGR)在现蕾-成熟期显著提高,16 500株/hm2种植密度下成熟期烟株群体干物质积累量最高,降低种植密度可显著提高烟株中部干物质积累量、NAR、群体平均叶倾角(MLIA)、烟叶均价、中上等烟比例和中部烟比例,但会降低LAI、LAD、CGR、消光系数(K);种植密度过大会导致烤烟中上等烟比例、中部叶比例降低。当播种期为11月24日左右、植烟密度为16 500株/hm2时,能有效改善烤烟在生育期的群体光合生产各项指标,前期物质生产量适宜,中后期适时缓增,干物质总量大且部位分配合理,其经济性状较优,有效缓解烤烟等级结构及部位结构矛盾。To explore the effect of different groups on the photosynthetic production,yield and quality of fluecured tobacco during growing period,this research took variety Yunyan 87 as material,built a different flue-cured tobacco groups by setting different sowing dates and planting densities,measured related indicators of the photosynthetic production after each growth period,analyzed economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that delaying sowing led to the decrease of the growth period,accumulated temperature,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index（ LAI）,leaf area duration（ LAD） and net assimilation rate（ NAR）,however the increase of the net assimilation rate（ NAR） and crop growth rate（ CGR） in late growth period. The most highest dry matter accumulation group was the treatment of 16 500 plant / ha. Dry matter accumulation of mid-leaf,NAR,population mean leaf inclination angle（ MLIA） significantly increased with density reducing,but LAI,LAD,CGR,extinction coefficient（ K）reduced. With the increasing of planting density,the proportion of mid-high grade and the proportion of mid-leaf were all gradually decreased. The coordination of chemical composition were better in moderate sowing and planting density. Compared with other treatments,the combination of sowing around November 24 and planting density of16 500 plant / ha had the advantages that the dry matter accumulation was appropriate in the early stage and grew slowly in the middle and late stage. Therefore the total dry matter accumulation was significantly higher and its distribution was reasonable; the combination had better economic characteristics and quality and it alleviated the contradictions of hierarchical structure and location structure effectively.

关 键 词：烤烟 播期 密度 光合生产 经济性状 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]