京东板栗对氮磷钾的响应及养分去向  

Yield Response of Chinese Chestnut to N,P and K Fertilization in the Gneiss Area of Yanshan Mountain

作　　者：张伟[1] 刘建玲[1] 廖文华[1] 李志田 袁维翰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]迁西县农牧水产局,河北迁西064300

出　　处：《华北农学报》2015年第5期174-179,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(12220204D)

摘　　要：针对目前板栗产量效应和养分分配等问题研究尚少,通过3年肥料定位试验研究了燕山花岗片麻岩区6年生板栗树产量对氮磷钾的响应及其树体、果实养分分配规律。研究得出氮磷钾对板栗生长影响为:与-N、-K处理比较,NPK处理板栗叶面积分别增加20.2%,27.4%,单叶片叶鲜质量分别增加6.7%,13.7%,差异均达到显著水平。与-P处理相比叶面积、鲜质量均无显著变化。氮磷钾对板栗产量的影响为:与-N、-P、-K处理比较,NPK处理单株栗蓬数分别增加23.3%,50.5%,50.2%,空蓬率分别降低4.8,6.7,3.5个百分点,单蓬粒数分别增加0.7,0.5,0.5个,板栗产量分别增加56.3%,42.2%,39.8%,差异均达到显著水平。氮磷钾去向:地上部吸收氮磷钾按100%计算,枝干和叶片分别占70.2%,85.9%,70.2%,板栗果实(栗蓬和栗果)分别占29.8%,14.1%,29.8%。果实中栗果(栗仁、栗皮)氮、磷和钾吸收量分别占板栗果实吸收总量的41.2%,69.2%,67.7%。在未曾扰动片麻岩区板栗树施用氮、磷、钾肥均显著增加板栗产量,施用氮肥主要通过增加单株栗蓬数和单蓬粒数、降低空蓬率增产;施用磷肥通过降低空蓬率、钾肥通过增加单株栗蓬数增产,氮磷钾对板栗增产贡献率为N、K>P。This paper studied that the responses of six-years-old Chestnut trees to N,P and K fertilizer and the distribution in plants located at Yanshan gneiss region were investigated in 3-year period. Influence of NPK fertilization on Chinese chestnut growth： comparing to-N and-K treatments,NPK treatment increased the leaf areas by20. 2% and 27. 4% respectively（ P〈0. 05）,and the fresh weights of single leaves were increased with 6. 7% and13. 7% respectively（ P〈0. 05）. However,there was no significant difference in leaf area and fresh weight between-P and NPK treatments. Impact of NPK fertilization on Chinese chestnut yield： compared with-N,-P and-K treatments,NPK treatment increased the yield by 23. 3%,50. 5%,50. 2%,and the empty Chestnut shuck rate was reduced by 4. 8,6. 7 and 3. 5 percent,respectively. The amount of chestnut per Chestnut shuck was increased by0. 7,0. 5 and 0. 5,respectively. In comparison with-N,-P and-K,the NPK treatment increased Chinese chestnut yield significantly by 56. 3%,42. 2% and 39. 8% respectively. Aboveground uptake of NPK nutrients： the N,P,K uptake of the stem and leaves accounted for 70. 2%,85. 9% and 70. 2% of the total aboveground uptake,where the uptake of Chestnut grain（ Chestnut seed and shell） accounted for 41. 2%,69. 2% and 67. 7% of the total. Of the Chinese chestnut grain,the N,P and K uptake of chestnut seed accounted for 29. 8%,14. 1% and 29. 8% of the total in grain. Application of NPK in underutilized gneiss area increased the chestnut yield significantly,where the N application increased the number of Chestnut shuck per plant and grain number per Chestnut shuck and reducingthe empty Chestnut shuck rate,meanwhile,the empty Chestnut shuck rate was reduced by P fertilization and the grain number per single Chestnut shuck was increased by K application; the order of the contribution rate of N,P and K for Chinese chestnut yield was N,K〉 P.

关 键 词：燕山片麻岩 板栗 氮磷钾 产量效应 养分去向 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S664.06[农业科学—农业基础科学]