黄瓜磷效率评价及其基因型差异  

Evaluation of phosphorus efficiency and its genotypic variations in cucumber

作　　者：赵静 郭勇祥 林志豪[2] 陈晓鑫[2] 黄三文[3] 廖红[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东生态工程职业学院,广东广州510520 [2]亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室/华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [3]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2015年第19期27-35,F0002,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：在水培条件下,评价了来源不同的18个黄瓜基因型的磷效率,并初步分析了导致黄瓜磷效率基因型差异的生理机理。结果表明,两周的低磷胁迫严重抑制了黄瓜地上部生长,但刺激了根系的生长,主要表现在叶片数、叶面积、株高和茎粗降低,根冠比、比根长、总根长和总根表面积增加,根变细、根平均直径降低等。与高磷处理下供试黄瓜相比,低磷处理导致植株的总磷吸收量都不及高磷处理下的一半,下降了62.66%~93.96%,但磷利用效率提高了2~7倍。大部分根系形态指标（包括主根长、总根长、根表面积等）与黄瓜磷吸收效率显著相关。黄瓜的磷效率与其磷吸收效率极显著正相关,而与其利用效率相关性不大。磷胁迫改变了黄瓜地上部和地下部形态构型、显著降低了黄瓜植株总磷效率和磷吸收效率,磷利用效率则显著提高,基因型间差异显著。黄瓜的总磷效率主要由磷吸收效率决定。供试黄瓜中,基因型3、10、13和17为磷低效低敏感型,而基因型1、14、15和18为磷高效高敏感型,可用于培育磷高效黄瓜品种。Through hydroponic culture, P efficiencies of 18 cucumber genotypes from different origins were evaluated, and the physiological mechanisms of genotypic variations underlying the cucumber P efficiency were primarily studied. Results showed that cucumber shoot growth was significantly inhibited, while root growth was stimulated after two-week low P treatment, as mainly indicated by decreased leaf number, leaf surface area, shoot height and stem diameter; increased ratio of root to shoot, specific root length, total root length and root surface area; as well as finer roots with reduced root diameter. Compared with cucumber seedlings at high P treatment, P contents of cucumbers under low P conditions decreased less than half of those at high P treatment, about 62.66% to 93.96%, while P use efficiencies increased by 2 to 7 times. Most root parameters （ including tap root length, total root length and root surface area ） were significantly related with cucumber P uptake efficiency. Cucumber P efficiency was significantly related with P uptake efficiency, but not related with P use efficiency. Low P stress changed cucumber shoot and root morphologies, significantly decreased total P efficiency and P uptake efficiency of cucumber, but increased P use efficiency, there were significant genotypic variations. Cucumber total P efficiency was mainly determined by P uptake efficiency. Among tested cucumbers, genotype 3, 10, 13 and 17 belonged to type I （low P efficiency andlow P responsiveness ）, while genotype 1, 14, 15 and 18 belonged to type III（ high P efficiency and high P responsiveness ） , which can be used for cultivating P-efficient cucumber varieties.

关 键 词：黄瓜 磷效率 磷吸收效率 基因型差异 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]