气体火花开关电极烧蚀形貌研究  

Microstructure Characteristics in Electrodes of Gas Spark Gap after Erosion

作　　者：谢昌明[1] 谈效华[1] 杜涛[1] 肖明珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所,绵阳621900

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2015年第20期246-251,共6页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金："十二五"预研基金资助项目(426010402-3)

摘　　要：开展了不同放电条件下气体火花开关单次放电实验,研究发现表面电极材料喷溅程度随着峰值电流和传递电荷量增大而逐渐变大,电极表面形成的烧蚀坑熔融化越明显,凹坑直径越大。分别采用钼和钨作为开关电极材料,研究多次放电过程中气体火花开关电极烧蚀形貌的变化规律和电极烧蚀率。结果表明,Mo和W开关的电极烧蚀率分别为9.0×10-6g·C-1和5.0×10-6g·C-1。在放电过程中,烧蚀区域由电极中心扩宽至边缘,表面粗糙度逐渐增大,中心区烧蚀严重。Mo电极表面呈现大量宽裂纹以及少量粒径达30μm的突起颗粒;W电极表面形成的凹坑较小,裂纹较窄,突起颗粒较小。对比两种开关电极,Mo开关电极烧蚀率较大(9.0×10-6g·C-1),烧蚀较严重,表面呈明显熔融态;而W开关电极烧蚀率较小(5.0×10-6g·C-1),表面整体较平整。因此在长寿命应用等场合,可优先选用W作为电极材料,以减少电极烧蚀程度。Research on microstructure characteristics in electrodes of gas spark gap （GSG） after a shot at different conditions was carried out. It could be found that sputtering of electrode materials increases gradually with increasing of peak current and transfer charge. The melted state of craters gets visibly. The diameter of craters increases by degrees. Microstructure characteristics and erosion rates of GSG electrodes with Mo and W main electrodes after several shots were investigated. With discharging times increasing, the electrode erosion area extends from center to edge and it gets rough in the surface of electrodes. It was ablated seriously in central area. The Mo electrode exhibits heavier erosion condition than the W electrode. It presents a great quantity of wide cracks and a few Mo saliences with 30μm in diameter in the surface of Mo electrode. The W electrode exhibits small erosion craters, narrow cracks, a few W saliences and flat surface. The Mo electrode became much rougher and more melted state than the W electrode after erosion. And the W electrode presents smaller erosion rate than the Mo electrode （electrode erosion rate of Mo： 9.0×10^-6g·C^-1, W： 5.0×10^-6g·C^-1）. Therefore, tungsten which presents excellent anti-erosion performance could be selected firstly as main electrode materials of GSG.

关 键 词：气体火花开关 电极材料 烧蚀率 微观形貌 能谱元素分析 

分 类 号：TN78[电子电信—电路与系统]