纳米金属氧化物对化学战剂消毒效果的评价  

Decontamination properties of nanoscale metal oxides against chemical warfare agents

作　　者：刘红岩[1] 孙晓红[1] 林京玉[1] 应莺[1] 刘艳芹[1] 黄春倩[1] 钟玉绪[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《国际药学研究杂志》2015年第5期606-609,共4页Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research

基　　金：国家"重大新药创制"科技重大专项资助项目(2009ZXJ09002-013)

摘　　要：目的评价市售纳米金属氧化物对代表性化学战剂的消毒能力,为寻找满足多种化学战剂洗消要求的安全材料提供参考。方法选择包括纳米Mg O、纳米Ti O2、纳米Zn O、纳米复合铁酸锌镍在内的市售常见纳米金属氧化物,将其分别同3种代表性化学战剂硫芥(HD)、梭曼(GD)或VX混合,通过T-135法、许乃曼反应、转化五合一分析法检测各化学战剂的剩余量,同阴性对照组比较得到降解率,评价各物质对化学战剂的消毒效果。结果所选择的纳米金属氧化物除纳米Mg O外对HD消毒效果都比较理想,纳米Ti O2、纳米Zn O在室温、自然光条件下与HD作用20 h后,HD降解率均>95%。与活性白土相比,所评价的所有纳米金属氧化物均可快速降解GD(P<0.01),其中纳米Ti O2效果最佳,在室温、自然光条件下与GD作用4 h即可将其完全降解。所选择的纳米金属氧化物对VX的消毒效果均较差,与活性白土相比,虽然纳米Mg O对VX的消毒效果相对稍好(P<0.05),但相互作用7 h的降解率也低于20%,不能满足实际需要。结论所选择的纳米金属氧化物中,纳米Ti O2对HD、GD的消毒效果最优,但对VX消毒效果不理想,应进一步寻找可用于VX消毒的其他试剂。Objective To elevated the decontamination properties of commercial nanoscale metal oxides against chemical warfare agents（CWA）,and provide more foundation for the satisfactory materials of CWA decontamination. Methods Some nanocrystals of commercial metal oxides such an Mg O,Ti O2,Zn O and zinc nickel ferrite compound had been chosen to compare their decontamination properties. The nanocrystals were mixed with three representative compounds,sulfur mustard（HD）,soman（GD）and S-（2-diisopropylaminoethyl）O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate（VX）at room temperature and natural light. The analogous experiments were conducted without addition of nanocrystals as negative control. After a fixed time,the samples were then analyzed by the methods of T-135,Schoeneman reaction and conversion method to determine the content of CWA. The decontamination properties of nanocrystals were compared with negative control. Results The chosen nanoscale metal oxides excepted nanoscale Mg O had good decontamination properties against HD,and they all could decontaminate GD quickly. Nanoscale Ti O2 had superior decontamination properties against GD and HD. At the room temperature and natural light,HD was completely decontaminated within 20 hours and GD was completely decontaminated within 4 hours by nanoscale Ti O2. The nanocrystals of metal oxides didn′ t decontaminate VX effectively. Compared to the activated clay group,nanoscale Mg O had superior decontamination properties against VX over other nanocrystals（P〈0.05）,but the percentage of degradation was lower than 20% within 7 h. Conclusion The chosen nanoscale Ti O2 has superior decontamination properties against GD and HD than others in natural condition,but it isn′t a promising agent for the decontamination of VX.

关 键 词：化学战剂 纳米金属氧化物 消毒 

分 类 号：R82[医药卫生—临床医学]