滴灌条件下花生单粒播种密度对产量及其相关性状的影响  

Effects of Single-seed Precision Sowing Densities on Yield and Major Agronomic Characters of Peanut under the Drip-irrigation Conditions

作　　者：王亮[1,2] 李艳[1] 王桥江 左文庆 张力[1] 刘志刚[1] 韩萍 魏建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]作物种质创新与基因资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆天鹰生物科技有限公司,新疆沙湾832100 [4]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第30期380-382,385,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆兵团第八师石河子市农业科技攻关计划项目(2013NY11);兵团科技援疆专项(2014AB018)

摘　　要：[目的]选出单粒精播条件下花生最适种植密度，为新疆绿洲农区花生高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以高产优质大花生“花育25号”为试验材料，在机收花生膜下滴灌栽培条件下，研究9个不同单粒精播密度对花生植株性状、荚果性状和产量的影响。[结果]不同农艺性状指标对花生种植密度的敏感程度表现不同。其中，主茎高、侧枝长、果数、仁数等性状随着种植密度的增加而增大，总分枝数、结果枝数、单株结果数、双仁果数、饱果数、秕果数、单株生产力、百果重、百仁重、荚果长、荚果宽、仁长、仁宽等性状随着种植密度的增加而减少，而出仁率的总体变化趋势则为先增加后减少，但各密度间差异不显著。在7．5万～18．0万穴/hm2的种植密度范围内，产量随着种植密度的增加而提高，当种植密度大于18．0万穴／hm2时产量开始下降。[结论]在新疆膜下滴灌条件下，“花育25号”单粒精播的最佳种植密度为18．0万穴／hm2。[ Objective ] The aim was to screen out the optimal planting density of peanut under the single-seed precision sowing to provide theo- retic proof for high yield planting of peanut in Xinjiang. [ Method] Huayu25,which is a high yield peanut cultivar,was used as testing material, effects of nine planting densities on every traits and yield of peanut were studied under mulched drip irrigation. [ Result] There were inconsistent performances between agronomic traits and planting densities. With the planting density increasing, the means of agronomic traits, including main stem height ,length of lateral branche, number of pods per 1 000 g and number of seeds per 1 000 g ,were slightly greater than those with the lower planting density. While the means of agronomic traits, including total branches per plant, number of pod branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of two-seed pods per plant, full pods per plant, unfruitful pods per plant,yield per plant, 100 pods weight, 100 seeds weight,length of pod ,width of pod, length of seed and width of seed ,were slightly smaller than those with the lower planting density. Although shelling percentage was changed slightly, the differences were not significant among the planting densities. And the total pod yield increased gradually with density from seventy-five thousand to one hundred and eighty thousand holes per hectares ,and when the density exceed one hundred and eighty thousand holes per hectares,the pod yield begin decreased. [ Conclusion] The best single-seed precision sowing density was one hundred and eighty thou- sand holes per hectares under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆 膜下滴灌 花生 单粒精播 种植密度 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]