考试焦虑者对威胁性刺激加工的注意瞬脱对抗效应  

Reducing Dependency on Attentional Resources:the Attenuation of the Attentional Blink for Threat-and Test-Related Stimulus in Test-Anxious Students

作　　者：张环[1,2] 周仁来[1,3,4,5] 

机构地区：[1]儿童发展和学习科学教育部重点实验室(东南大学学习科学研究中心),南京210096 [2]芜湖职业技术学院公共管理学院,芜湖241003 [3]南京大学社会学院心理学系,南京210023 [4]认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室(北京师范大学),北京100875 [5]应用实验心理北京市重点实验室(北京师范大学心理学院),北京100875

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2015年第10期68-75,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金："江苏省2011年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目"(项目号:CXZZ_0171);"安徽省高校省级人文社会科学研究项目"(项目号:SK2012B526)资助

摘　　要：探讨考试焦虑者在时间维度上的注意分配特点,尤其关注认知资源有限条件下,考试威胁刺激能否突破考试焦虑者的注意容量限制而被加工至意识水平。35名在校大学生(高、低考试焦虑者分别为18人和17人)完成快速序列视觉呈现任务,该任务中除第二个靶(T2)为威胁及考试相关水平不同的词外,掩蔽刺激和第一个靶(T1)均为中性词。结果发现,与对照组相比,考试焦虑组被试在正确报告T1后的短延迟阶段,对考试威胁T2的再认率均得到显著提高,表明考试威胁刺激减少了考试焦虑者对注意中枢加工资源的依赖,而更容易侵入其当前意识领域。本文分别从注意中枢容量理论和注意控制加工的观点对该结果展开讨论。This study aims to explore test-anxious persons＇ attention allocation in the dimension of time, especially whether threat- and test-related stimulus can break the attentional bottleneck, thus entering into conseiousness when the cognitive resource left for test-anxious persons is limited. A total of 35 college students （18 high test-anxious students and 17 low test-anxious students）, chosen as participants, reported their test anxiety and completed the rapid serial visual presentation （RSVP） tasks, where threat- or test-related stimulus was used as the second target （T2） among the flow of the neutral words （ including a neutral T1 ）. The results revealed a significant attenuation of attentional blink （AB） in the test-anxious students, compared to the control group when T2 was threat- and test-related words. This suggests that threat- and test-related stimulus can decrease their dependency on the attentional center processing resource, and can more easily invade into their current area of consciousness. The findings were discussed in terms of the theory of central capacity limitations and the views on attentional control processing.

关 键 词：考试焦虑 快速序列视觉呈现任务 注意瞬脱 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]