中美入境旅游,谁的市场更大——基于多样性、重要性、旅游偏好及市场吨位的比较  

A Comparison of Inbound Tourism in China and U. S:Based on Market Diversity,Proportion of International Outbound Trips,Travel Preference and Travel Tonnage Index

作　　者：孙根年[1] 周功梅 李红[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《旅游科学》2015年第3期15-26,共12页Tourism Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"新时期国内旅游的抗周期性及经济效应研究"(12BJY131)

摘　　要：本文构建一种新的市场分析模型,从目的地和客源地相结合的视角来分析一国入境旅游市场大小。目的地视角选取了市场占有率、市场集中度和市场多样性3个指标,客源地视角选取了市场重要度、旅游偏好和旅游吨位指数3个指标。以中国和美国两个大国为案例,以国际旅游统计数据为基础,选取前40位入境客源国为样本,分析了两国入境旅游市场的大小。为此,本文构建了"市场重要度-旅游偏好"二维组合矩阵,将各客源国划分为4种类型,对中美两国入境客源市场进行分析比较,并使用Arc GIS软件,结合市场占有率和旅游偏好2个指标,对中美两国各入境客源国的空间分布进行详细分析。研究发现,中国位于亚洲,邻国众多,入境旅游市场更为多样;而美国位于北美大陆,与加拿大和墨西哥为邻,入境旅游市场集中度高。从国际前20位出境旅游大国来看,各国对出境美国旅游偏好更强,美国的入境旅游吨位指数是中国的2.6倍,旅游市场竞争力强于中国。This article built a new market analysis model to analyze the inbound tourism market of destination countries from a perspective of combining tourist destinations countries with origin countries.For destinations countries index, we selected market shares, market concentration, and market diversity; for the later,we selected proportion of international outbound trips,travel preference,and travel tonnage. Based on the statistical data of international tours,we took China and U. S as two cases in point,and chose the top 40 tourist origin countries to analyze the sizes of their inbound tourist markets. The authors constructed a double-dimensioned matrix consisted of market importance and travel preference,classified the origin countries into four types,and made a constructive study and analysis of the inbound tourist markets of China and US,and also applied Arc GIS to make a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of the inbound tourist markets of the two countries. The findings are that China's inbound tourist market is more diversified due to its diversified neighboring countries while that of US, with only Canada and Mexico as its neighboring countries, demonstrates a higher concentration. From the top 20 outbound tourism countries,we found that travel preference for U. S is higher than for China; that U. S has stronger comprehensive competitiveness than China because American travel tonnage index is currently two and a half times larger than the Chinese one.

关 键 词：中国 美国 入境旅游 O-D矩阵分析 

分 类 号：F590.8[经济管理—旅游管理]