不同降雨年份和放牧方式对荒漠草原初级生产力及营养动态的影响  

Net primary production and forage quality of desert steppe plant communities under different grazing systems and growing seasons

作　　者：杨霞[1,2] 王珍[3] 运向军[3] 卫智军[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区土地调查规划院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第11期1-9,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院创新工程草原非生物灾害防灾减灾团队(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR2015-04);国家自然科学基金地区项目(31460126);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金中国农业科学院草原研究所资助项目(160332015022);内蒙古自治区自然科学博士基金项目(2014BS0329);国家自然基金面上项目(D010503)资助

摘　　要：牧草品质直接体现了草地资源的质量和可利用性。本研究采用野外调查法对不同降雨年份和放牧方式下荒漠草原植物群落的地上净初级生产力(ANPP)、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗灰分、粗脂肪、钙、磷和无氮浸出物进行了测定和分析。结果表明,1)在干旱的2011年,自由放牧显著降低了群落的ANPP,而在降雨量充足的2012年,休牧60d的ANPP值最高;2)相比于欠雨年份,降雨量充足的年份生长高峰期ANPP、粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量分别是其的2.67,1.08,1.27,1.26和3.75倍;3)相比其他处理,粗蛋白、磷的含量在休牧60d含量最高;4)在不同降雨量的两个放牧季节内,随着放牧的进行,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均是在7或8月份达到一个峰值,而在植物枯黄期(10月份)值最低,而粗纤维和无氮浸出物的含量在7月份最低,而在植物枯黄期最高。降雨量与荒漠草原植物群落ANPP及植物群落营养季节动态之间存在着密切的关系;休牧60d为合理的草原利用方式;不同年际间放牧和季节气候变化共同制约了群落营养成分的变化。Forage value and productivity are important grassland traits.Plant community ANPP,crude protein, crude fiber,crude ash,ether extract,calcium,phosphorus and nitrogen-free extract were measured and analyzed under different grazing systems during two hydrologically contrasting growing seasons in a desert steppe.The results showed that grazing significantly decreased community ANPP in 2011 which was dry.AN-PP was the highest after 60 days without grazing in 2012,a wet year.In 2011 plant community ANPP,crude protein,crude fiber,crude ash,ether extract,calcium,phosphorus was 2.67,1.08,1.27,1.26 and 3.75times that in 2012.The highest crude protein and phosphorus content was detected after 60 days without graz-ing.With continuous grazing,crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,calcium and phosphorus content initially increased and then decreased;peak values occurred in July or August and the lowest values were found at the end of the growing season (October).However,crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract was lowest in July and highest in October.Precipitation has a major influence on community ANPP and the seasonal dynamic of com-munity forage quality;grazing and yearly rainfall variation co-limited the change of community forage nutrient content.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 放牧利用方式 地上净初级生产力 营养成分 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]