二型花柱植物红蓼的繁殖生物学研究  

Reproductive biology in the distylous species of Polygonum orientale

作　　者：文慧慧 陈明林[1] 张自生[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院安徽省重要生物资源保护与利用研究重点实验室,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第11期155-162,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金(11040606M72);安徽高校省级重点自然项目(KJ2012A130)资助

摘　　要：本研究发现了红蓼的异型花柱现象,红蓼野外居群存在长柱型花和短柱型花。研究表明长/短柱花型具有精确的交互式异位特征,其花大小,柱头形态,乳突大小,花粉粒数目、大小都表现出两型性(P<0.01)。与长柱型花相比,短柱型花较大,有短且排列紧密的柱头乳突细胞,花药产生较少且大的花粉。长/短柱型花花瓣长度无显著差异(P>0.01)。扫描电镜显示两型花的花粉均具有散孔,孔近似圆形,边缘形状不规则。野外调查发现蓟马、蚂蚁、食蚜蝇为主要访花者。人工授粉,红蓼长/短柱型花自交、型内异交以及型间异交花粉管均萌发,0.5h花粉管已萌发至子房,只有部分花粉管能萌发至子房且沿花柱壁及子房壁生长,说明其受精方式为合点受精。长/短柱型花型内异交座果率分别为14.00%和13.33%,自交座果率分别为4.62%和2.86%,型间异交的座果率分别为43.33%和44.61%,表明红蓼长/短柱型花自交表现出一定的亲和性,但座果率低,仍以异交为主。Our research has clearly confirmed distyly in Polygonum orientale .Long-styled and short-styled morph exhibited a precise reciprocal herkogamy which was significantly correlated with corolla length.Re-search showed that anther heights,tepals,stigma and pollen size and number were dimorphic (P <0.01 ). Compared with the pins,the thrums had larger tepals and the stigma had more but shorter papillae.The anther produced significantly bigger but fewer pollen grains.There was no significant difference between long-styled and short-styled in terms of tepal length (P >0.01 ).In terms of micro-morphological characteristics,pollen grains were spherical or sub-orbicular,with irregular margins and scattered holes.Thrips,ants and flower flies were the main visitors to the flowers.Artificial pollination revealed that pollen tube shape was normal in both morphs,with the tubes reaching the ovary 0.5 h after pollination.Not all pollen tubes growing down the stylar canal and ovary wall were able to reach the ovary,indicating the existence of chalazogamy in P .orientale . Long-styled and short-styled intramorph fruit sets were 14.00% and 13.33% respectively.Self-pollination fruit sets were 4.62% and 2.86% and intermorph fruit sets were 43.33% and 44.61% respectively.Self-pollination showed some affinity,but the fruit sets were low and the flowers were still predominantly intermorph.

关 键 词：红蓼 异型花柱 访花者 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]