假高粱的生物学特征及防治对策的研究进展  

Biological characteristics of the exotic weed Sorghum halepense and measures to control its spread

作　　者：廖飞勇[1] 夏青芳 蔡思琪[1] 蒋慧[1] 黄琛斐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学风景园林学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第11期218-226,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：湖南省"十二五"重点学科(风景园林学)(湘教发[2011]76号)资助

摘　　要：假高粱是外来恶性杂草,在我国不断扩散和为害,必须对它进行防治.本文综述假高粱的研究成果,为它的防治提供指导.首先综述了假高粱的形态特征与同属其他种的区别,主要是秆粗0.5cm,叶舌长1.0～1.5cm,外颖顶端3齿裂.含假高粱的土壤中小麦、棉花、莴苣的种子发芽率被抑制40%以上;小麦、玉米、棉花地上部分生长被抑制9.8%以上.对假高粱的防治可以采用10% 尿素和15% 碳铵灭杀其种子;可以用白萝卜和昆虫抑制其生长;使用咪唑乙烟酸、甲氧咪草烟、草铵膦、烯草酮加草铵膦可以杀死94%的植株;喔草酯和喹禾灵可以减少假高粱的生长97%以上.可以利用假高粱喂养中华稻蝗,也可以用来造纸.提出了加强假高粱生理生态习性研究、开发专性除草剂、筛选和利用生物进行防治、进行景观利用和综合利用等建议和措施.Sorghum halepense is a noxious exotic weed in China that has become widely spread,and it affects the growth of several crops.In this article,we review research on S .halepense and measures to control its spread.First,we summarize the main differences between S .halepense and other plants belonging to the same genus.The stalk diameter of S .halepense is 0.5 cm,the ligule length is 1.0 -1.5 cm,and the outer glume top has three slits.The presence of S .halepense in soil inhibits the germination and growth of other plants. For example,in soil containing S .halepense ,the seed germination rates of cotton,lettuce,and wheat were in-hibited by more than 40%,and the growth of above-ground parts of wheat,corn,and cotton was inhibited by more than 9.8%.There are several effective methods to control S .halepense .White radish and some insects can inhibit the growth of S .halepense .Among the chemical control methods,10% urea and 15% ammonium bicarbonate can kill seeds of S .halepense .Other chemicals used to control S .halepense include imazethapyr, imazamox,glufosinate,and clethodim and glufosinate,which can kill up to 94% of S .halepense plants. Propaquizafop and quizalofop can reduce the growth of S .halepense plants by 97%.S .halepense can be used as feed for Oxya chinensis and as a raw material for paper manufacturing.Further studies on this weed should include in-depth physiological ecology studies,research on enhancing herbicide efficacy and screening of specific herbicides,the use of biological controls,landscape utilization,and comprehensive use of the plant material.

关 键 词：假高粱 杂草 入侵物种 防治 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]