厦门市老年人失能现状及其影响因素研究  

Research on the Situation of Elderly Disability and its Impact Factors in Xiamen

作　　者：陈炜[1,2] 郝世超[1,2] 茅范贞[1,2] 方亚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共卫生学院,361102 [2]福建省高校卫生技术评估重点实验室

出　　处：《中国卫生统计》2015年第5期770-773,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Statistics

基　　金：厦门市社会科学规划项目(XDHT2013357A)

摘　　要：目的了解厦门市老年人失能现状,并分析失能影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,对厦门市60岁及以上户籍老年人进行面对面问卷调查;利用Katz指数量表评价老年人日常生活自理能力(ADL),进而判断其失能状况,采用克朗巴赫α系数评价量表的信度;应用logistic回归模型分别对失能影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果本次共调查厦门市6个区,38个街道/乡镇,173个社区,回收有效问卷14292份,其中失能老年人610名,失能率为4.27%;量表的克朗巴赫α系数为0.973,洗澡失能率最高,吃饭失能率最低;女性、非在婚、非独居、小学文化程度、个人经济状况差和患有3种及以上慢性病者的标准化失能率较高;多因素分析显示年龄、婚姻状况、家庭居住方式、个人经济状况、慢性病患病情况为失能影响因素。结论厦门市老年人的总体失能率低于全国水平,但是年龄≥80岁、非在婚、个人经济状况差和患有慢性病等老年人的失能问题仍尤为突出,应针对以上高危人群开展防控措施。Objective To reveal the features of elderly disability and identify its impact factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed. The subjects in our study were aged ≥60 years and recruited by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires. The activity of daily living（ ADL） was assessed by the Katz Index Scale and the disability of elderly was evaluated based on it. The reliability of the scale was assessed by Cronbach＇s alpha. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of disability. Results A total of 14,292 valid samples were collected from 6 districts,38 subdistricts and 173 communities. 610 were disabilities and the disability prevalence was 4. 27%. The greatest prevalence of disability occurred with regard to bathing,and the smallest one occurred in feeding. The Cronbach＇s alpha of the ADL scale was 0. 973. The elderly who were female,unmarried,live with family,lower educational level,poor personal economic status and suffer three kinds of chronic disease had a greater prevalence of disability. Logistic regression analysis showed that the major impact factors of disability were age,marital status,living arrangement,personal economic status and the number of chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of elderly disability in Xiamen was lower than the national level,how ever,we also need to pay attention to high risk group of the elderly who were aged ≥80 years,unmarried,poor economic status and various chronic diseases.

关 键 词：老年人 日常生活自理能力 影响因素 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]