供应中断风险下采购与定价决策分析  

Analysis of Outsourcing and Pricing Decisions Under Supply Disruption

作　　者：何波[1] 张霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2015年第5期104-110,共7页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(供应中断下多级物流网络系统优化设计模型与算法研究(71001111)

摘　　要：供应中断是供应链上的企业可能面临的问题,运用合理的采购策略可以帮助企业有效缓解供应中断风险。本文研究了供应中断下供应商和制造商之间的纵向竞争和两个制造商之间的横向竞争问题。供应商制定批发价,两个制造商采用不同的采购策略进行产量博弈,其中一个制造商采用紧急双源订货策略,另一个采用可靠单源订货策略。论文采用了多阶段博弈模型,分析了制造商之间的合谋与竞争两种行为,求出了供应商和制造商的最优决策,比较了这两种行为对供应商和制造商的影响。通过数值分析,讨论了成本参数和可靠性参数对于最优订货量的影响以及对于采用不同订货策略的制造商期望利润的影响。Supply disruptions often appear in supply chaim Using appropriate outsourcing strategy can help firms to mitigate supply disruption risks effectively. In this paper, we study a supply chain with vertical competition between upstream suppliers and downstream manufacturers and horizontal competition between downstream manu- facturers under supply disruption. The suppliers make wholesale price first, and then two manufacturers imple- ment different outsoureing strategies to manage supply disruption risks and compete with each other. One manu- facturer implements contingency dual sourcing strategy while the other uses sole sourcing strategy. We propose a multi-stage game model to solve this problem. We analyze two behaviors-Collusion and Cournot between manu- facturers. The optimal pricing decision of supplier and optimal ordering decisions of manufacturers are derived. The effects of two behaviors-Collusion and Cournot between manufacturers on supplier and manufacturer are investigated. Through numerical computation, the impact of cost and reliability on optimal ordering and expected profits of two manufacturers are analyzed.

关 键 词：供应中断 竞争 采购 古诺 

分 类 号：F406.7[经济管理—产业经济]