深松条件下不同地表覆盖对马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of different ground surface mulch under subsoiling on potato yield and water use efficiency

作　　者：李荣[1] 侯贤清[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第20期115-123,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：宁夏大学引进人才科研启动金项目(BQD2012007);国家自然科学基金(31301280)

摘　　要：水分不足是限制旱区作物生长的主要因素,覆盖耕作能够改善土壤的微环境,从而显著提高作物的产量和水分利用效率。为探讨深松结合地表覆盖对土壤物理性状、马铃薯生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,2013-2015年在宁南旱区采用深松覆盖秸秆、深松覆盖地膜、深松不覆盖3种覆盖耕作模式,以传统耕作不覆盖为对照,对土壤体积质量、团聚体、水分、马铃薯产量和水分利用效率等方面的影响进行了研究。结果表明,与传统耕作相比,深松结合地表覆盖可有效降低耕层土壤体积质量,改善土壤孔隙状况,以深松覆盖秸秆处理效果最佳,深松覆盖秸秆处理0~40 cm平均土壤体积质量较传统耕作降低17.1%。与传统耕作相比,深松覆盖地膜和深松覆盖秸秆处理可使0~40 cm土层〉0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体数量显著增加30.7%和17.4%。深松结合不同覆盖方式能有效改善马铃薯生育期0~200 cm土层土壤水分状况,深松覆盖地膜对作物生育前期土壤水分保蓄效果较好,深松覆盖秸秆对生育中后期土壤水分状况的改善效果最佳。深松结合不同覆盖方式下马铃薯植株株高、茎粗及地上部生物量均显著高于传统耕作。作物生育前期以深松覆盖地膜处理效果最佳,中后期以深松覆盖秸秆处理促进作用明显。深松结合地表覆盖能明显提高马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率,深松覆秸秆处理的马铃薯产量、商品薯率和水分利用效率分别较传统耕作处理平均提高37.3%、93.3%和41.2%。通过两年试验研究,在宁南旱区采用深松结合地表覆盖措施具有良好的蓄水保墒效果,对马铃薯生长有利,以深松覆盖秸秆处理的增产和提高水分利用效率效果最为显著。Water deficiency is the main limiting factor for crop growth in dry-farming areas. Many studies and practices have demonstrated that, mulching tillage can improve the soil microclimate, and significantly increase the yield and water use efficiency of crops. In order to explore the effects of different ground surface methods combined with subsoiling tillage on soil physical characteristics, potato growth, yield and water use efficiency, field fixed position experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching tillage on soil volume quality, aggregate, water, potato yield and water use efficiency in arid areas of southern Ningxia between 2013 and 2015. The field experiment consisted of the following 4 treatments： straw mulch with subsoiling tillage（ST＋JM）, plastic film mulch with subsoiling tillage（ST＋DM）, no mulch with subsoiling tillage（ST）, and no mulch with conventional tillage（CT）. The no mulch with conventional tillage was used as the control. Our study results showed that, the soil volume quality of the 0–40 cm soil layer under subsoiling combined with mulch was effectively decreased compared with conventional tillage, while the soil total porosity was greatly improved, and especially the straw mulch with subsoiling treatment was the best. During the study, the mean soil volume quality（0–40 cm） under straw mulch with subsoiling treatment was significantly（P0.05） decreased by 17.1% when compared with the conventional tillage treatment. Our study found that, the subsoiling with ground surface mulch produced significantly higher amounts of 0.25 mm elastic-stable macroaggregates in the 0–40 cm soil layer compared with conventional tillage. The amounts of 0.25 mm aggregates（0–40 cm） under straw mulch with subsoiling and plastic film mulch with subsoiling treatments were significantly（P0.05） increased by 30.7% and 17.4% respectively compared with the conventional tillage treatment. Subsoiling combined with ground surface mulch greatly improved soil water storage in

关 键 词：土壤 产量 水分 深松结合地表覆盖 土壤蓄水量 马铃薯产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S157.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]