BTOPMC/SCAU分布式流域水文模型原理和系统设计  

Principles of BTOPMC/SCAU distributed watershed hydrological model with system design

作　　者：周买春[1] 肖红玉[1,2] 胡月明[3] 刘远[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学水利与土木工程学院,广州510642 [2]北京师范大学珠海分校信息技术学院,珠海519087 [3]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第20期132-139,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41171029);广东省水利科技创新项目(2009-42)

摘　　要：BTOPMC(block-wise use of TOPMODEL(TOPgraphic MODEL,基于地形的水文模型)with the Muskingum-Cunge method,分块应用TOPMODEL和马斯京根-康吉汇流方法)是一个具有较强物理基础的分布式流域水文模型,主要用于教学和流域研究,模型有待软件化,以便用于流域作业预报和水资源管理。该文采用多层架构体系设计了该模型的计算机系统,形成了BTOPMC/SCAU(south china agricultural university),系统由数据层、模型层、通信层、数据表达层和用户操作层组成,运行环境采用客户端/服务端模式。提供手动和自动2种参数率定模式,自动率定采用SCE-UA(shuffled complex evolution developed at university of arizona)全局最优算法,内置7种目标函数。采用Open MP(open multi-processing,开放式多处理)多核并发编程技术在产汇流模块实现了多核并行计算。系统为流域水文作业预报和水资源管理提供了精致的方法和简便工具。Based on a watershed digital elevation model（DEM） and by dividing a large basin into sub-basins or blocks, the TOPMODEL（TOPgraphic MODEL） concepts were applied for runoff generation and an adaptive Muskingum-Cunge method was proposed for runoff routing. A distributed watershed hydrological model was developed with a strong physical basis, named BTOPMC（a Block-wise use of TOPmodel with the Muskingum-Cunge method）. Up to now, the model has been applied to watershed research globally and as a teaching tool of hydrological science in some organizations. In order to apply it to operational hydrological forecasts and water resources management over watersheds, a system named BTOPMC/SCAU（South China Agricultural University） was designed, consisting of 5 layers： data management, models, communication, data illustration and user operation. Data management layer laid at the system base, responsible for data storage and maintenance. Data was divided into two types： structured data and non-structured data respectively stored in relative database manage system and files. As a core of the system, models were consisted of modules of terrain analysis, runoff generation, flow concentration and basin application. The terrain module computed static characters of basin ground. The runoff generation and flow concentration modules computed dynamic hydrological processes by integrating meteorological inputs and basin ground characters. In order to improve modeling efficiency, an Open MP（Open Multi-Processing） programming was used multiple cores of CPUs for parallel computation in the two modules. Based on an epoll mechanism and programmed in C/C＋＋, the communication layer was designed for message passing among other layers and it supported simultaneous multi-users access. Depending on the user＇s intention it was passible after using some integration tools in the data illustration layer to extract inputs, outputs and some processing results from data layer and intuitively display them in tables or graphs. T

关 键 词：模型 计算机系统 数据库 BTOPMC/SCAU 流域水文模型 分层架构 模块化 

分 类 号：P332[天文地球—水文科学]