低木质素含量棉秆皮纤维的提取和表征  

Extraction and characterization of fibers with low lignin content from bark of cotton stalks for spinning

作　　者：董震[1,2] 侯秀良[1] 

机构地区：[1]江南大学生态纺织教育部重点实验室,无锡214122 [2]南通大学纺织服装学院,南通226019

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第20期309-314,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JUSRP51505);江苏省科技厅项目(BE2011404;BY2012131);南通大学杏林学院项目(2014K125)

摘　　要：为了实现棉秆皮纤维在纺纱上的应用,该文在150℃以上的温度下用质量分数为4%的碱从棉秆皮中提取了纤维,测定了温度和时间对棉秆皮纤维细度、木质素质量分数及力学性能的影响。将棉秆皮纤维与棉按质量比30/70的比例进行混纺,研究了木质素的质量分数对混纺纱性能的影响。结果表明:随着温度的升高和时间的延长,棉秆皮纤维的细度和木质素质量分数逐渐下降。但是,当温度升高至170℃后,棉秆皮纤维的断裂强度迅速降低。160℃、60 min提取的纤维性能较理想:纤维细度28.3 dtex、木质素质量分数4.5%、断裂强度1.8 c N/dtex、杨氏模量46 c N/dtex。与闪爆及常压碱处理等方法相比,高温方法提取的纤维木质素质量分数低60%以上。棉秆皮纤维的木质素质量分数从5.5%降至4.5%后,混纺纱的条干变异系数和毛羽指数分别降低了75.1%和29.6%,而断裂强度和伸长率分别提高了11.1%和9.8%。高温提取的棉秆皮纤维可纺出细度为22.4 tex、断裂强度为12.0 c N/tex的纱线。Fibers with lignin content of 4.5% and fineness of 28.3 dtex were extracted from bark of cotton stalks using 4% alkali at 160℃ for spinning application. Bark of cotton stalks, with cellulose content of 40%, is a copious and inexpensive source for natural fibers. However, cotton stalk fibers extracted using conventional method, such as alkali, steam explosion or H2O2, had too coarse fineness（45 dtex） or too high lignin content（11.8%）, which rendered them to be made into high quality yarns. In this research, bark of cotton stalks was treated by 4% alkali at temperature of 150, 160 and 170℃, respectively. Time of alkali treatment was regulated to achieve fibers with good fineness and proper breaking strength for spinning application. Effects of alkali conditions on the dimension, composition, tensile property and crystalline structure of cotton stalk fibers were investigated. The results showed that fineness of cotton stalk fibers decreased gradually with the increase of time. However, excessively long time would cause drastic decrease in fiber length and bark of cotton stalks was even completely disintegrated into paste. Fibers extracted at temperature of 150, 160 and 170℃ had the best fineness of 30.8, 28.3 and 28.1 dtex, respectively. Increasing time reduced the lignin content of cotton stalk fibers. Fibers extracted at temperature of 150, 160 and 170℃ had the lowest lignin content of 5.1%, 4.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Moreover, the increase in the time and temperature also caused a drastic decrease in breaking strength and Young＇s modulus. Fibers extracted at temperature 160℃ had breaking strength of 1.8 c N/dtex whereas breaking strength of fibers extracted at temperature 170℃ decreased to only 1.4 cN /dtex. Therefore, fibers extracted by 4% alkali at 160℃ with time of 60 min had the best properties, including fineness of 28.3 dtex, length of 39 mm, lignin content of 4.5% and Young＇s modulus of 46 c N/dtex. All fibers in this research had crystalline structure of type I, indicating tha

关 键 词：纤维 脱胶 秸秆 棉秆皮 木质素 纺纱 

分 类 号：TS1[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]