不同根部微灌水器对云南红壤和黄沙土水分分布的影响  

Impacts of different root miroirrigation emitters on water distribution of red loam and yellow sand soils in Yunnan

作　　者：余杨[1] 杨振杰[1] 张建生[2] 国攀[1] 薛翔[1] 张新星[1] 胡红超[1] 油瑞菊 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学机电工程学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学水利学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第19期84-90,F0003,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(国土)科研专项(201511003-3)

摘　　要：探索根部微灌水器类型对土壤水分分布的影响和作用规律,是提高根部微灌水效率的有效途径。该文研究了根部微灌水器类型对土壤水分分布的影响。试验采用2种灌溉方式(地上滴灌和根部微灌)、2种灌水器(流量可调式灌水器和内镶贴片式滴灌带),测定各处理在3种灌水时长(5、15和30 min),在2种土壤(云南红壤土和黄沙土)时的土壤水分含量。结果表明:1)灌水器种类与土壤类型、灌水器种类与灌水时长对土壤水分有极显著的交互作用(P<0.01),但三者之间没有显著交互作用(P>0.05);2)流量可调式灌水器四周配有8个水平出水孔,其灌溉水在2种土壤中向四周渗出的水平宽度都较宽(25 cm左右),而内镶贴片式滴灌带只有1个向下单孔,灌溉水向四周渗出的水平宽度均较窄(16 cm左右);3)在红壤土中,根部微灌内镶贴片式滴灌带的高含水率区域更接近于作物根部区域,而地上滴灌的高含水率区域基本上集中在花盆土壤的上部区域;4)在红壤土中,基质势对灌溉水的运移起主要作用,而在黄沙土中重力势起主要作用;5)在红壤土中,灌水时间越短,土壤面积百分比为70%时对应的区域越集中在较窄的和较低的土壤含水率区段,且各区段是连续的,灌水30 min时,它所对应的土壤含水率区段最宽,土壤水分分布均匀性也最高;在黄沙土中,随着灌水时间的增加,土壤面积百分比为70%时所对应的土壤含水率区段范围大,且黄沙土所对应的分布区段大于红壤土,表明红壤土水分分布不均,而黄沙土水分分布较均匀。该文为提高根部微灌系统使用效率提供理论依据。It is important to explore the effect of different root micro emitters on soil water distribution, which improves the efficiency of root micro irrigation system. The influence of micro emitter type on soil water distribution was studied in this paper. Two different irrigation systems（surface drip irrigation and root micro irrigation）, two different irrigation emitter types（flow adjustable irrigation emitter and drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch） and three different irrigation times（5, 15 and 30 minutes） were applied on the Yunnan red loam and the yellow sand soils. Soil moisture was determined. The results showed that there was a very significant interaction between the emitter type and the soil type, the emitter type and the irrigation time（P〈0.01）, but there was no significant interaction between the three（P〉0.05）. The flow adjustable irrigation emitter has 8 horizontal drainage holes. The horizontal width of the irrigation water in the 2 soils was both wide（about 25 cm）. The drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch has a downward single hole. The horizontal width of the irrigation water in the 2 soils was both narrow（about 16 cm）. Therefore, for the wide root extension of crops, the application of the flow adjustable irrigation emitter should be more suitable, on the contrary, the drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch are used instead. In the Yunnan red loam, the areas with higher water content for the root micro-irrigation using belt embedded with inner patch were more close to those of crop roots, the areas with higher water content for the surface drip irrigation basically concentrated on the upper part of the soil of the flower pot. Therefore, compared to the surface drip irrigation, water loss due to evaporation in root irrigation greatly reduced. In the Yunnan red loam, the matric potential to the movement of irrigation water played the main role and water was easy to sink; In yellow sand soil, the gravitational potential to the movement of irri

关 键 词：土壤 水分 灌溉 根部微灌 云南红壤土 黄沙土 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]