沼液化肥全氮配比对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响  

Effect of total nitrogen ratio of biogas slurry/chemical fertilizer on microflora and enzyme activities of soil

作　　者：郑学博[1,2] 樊剑波[1] 何园球[1,2] 崔键[1] 徐磊[1,2] 祝振球 周静[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心中国科学院红壤生态实验站,鹰潭335211 [4]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,南昌330029

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第19期142-150,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050);国家自然基金青年项目(31201690);赣鄱英才555工程;国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD05B01;2014BAC04B02)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了N-P2O5-K2O（120-90-135 kg/hm2）施用量相同的条件下,沼液化肥不同全氮配比（沼液全氮分别占0%、15%、30%、45%和100%）对旱地红壤微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌）数量、酶（脲酶、脱氢酶）活性和硝化强度的影响。结果表明,随沼液全氮比例的增加,土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均呈倒＂U＂形增加,且较单施化肥处理（未施沼液）分别提高3.88%~40.78%、1.64%~31.15%、28.21%~79.49%。随着花生生育进程的推进,脲酶活性随沼液全氮比例增加而升高;脱氢酶活性先降低,开花期后升高。沼液全氮45%处理显著提高了花生结荚期和收获期土壤脲酶、脱氢酶活性和硝化强度。利用主成分分析对土壤微生物活性进行综合评价,依据主成分解释总变量和碎石图提取了2个主成分反映原变量的92.13%的信息。第1主成分主要综合了细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、微生物总量和硝化强度的信息;第2主成分主要综合了脲酶、脱氢酶活性的信息。主成分综合得分图直观地显示了等氮磷钾条件下沼液化肥全氮配比对旱地红壤微生物活性的综合影响。具体为BS30〉BS45〉BS100〉BS15〉NPK〉CK。因此,等氮磷钾条件下沼液全氮15%~100%处理有利于提高土壤微生物活性,特别是沼液全氮30%处理,同时其花生籽粒产量也达到了最大值（2 875 kg/hm2）。Biogas slurry was known to influence soil-plant ecosystem when it was applied as a fertilizer, especially in combination with chemical fertilizer. However, limited information was available regarding how this combination affected soil microflora and enzyme activities. In the present research, a two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer on the quantity of soil edaphon, enzyme activities（urease, dehydrogenase） as well as nitrification intensity in upland red soil, Southern China under the same input of N-P2O5-K2O（120-90-135 kg/hm2）. The soil was fertilized with 6 treatments, including CK（no fertilizer）, NPK（chemical fertilizer only）, BS100（biogas slurry only） and other 3 combination treatments with different biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer（BS15, BS30, BS45）. The nitrogen in biogas slurry under BS15, BS30 and BS45 accounted for 15%, 30% and 45% of applied total nitrogen respectively, which were respectively 18, 36 and 54 kg/hm2 and applied with biogas slurry and the remaining amounts of nitrogen were applied with chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the quantities of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomyces responded significantly to the application of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer, which increased by 3.88%-40.78%, 1.64%-31.15% and 28.21%-79.49% respectively compared to NPK treatment. The quantities of soil edaphon（bacteria, fungi, actinomyces） all showed a trend of decreasing after initial increase with the percentage of nitrogen in biogas slurry accounting for applied total nitrogen amount increasing. In addition, the urease activity showed a trend of increasing, and the dehydrogenase activity showed a trend of increasing after an initial decrease, with the percentage of nitrogen in biogas slurry accounting for applied total nitrogen amount increasing in the 4 growth stages. Therein, BS45 treatment significantly increased the activities of soil urease and dehydrogenase as

关 键 词：土壤 酶 细菌 N肥 沼液 真菌 放线菌 硝化强度 

分 类 号：S154.38[农业科学—土壤学]