基于热电制冷效应的光伏热水装置设计  

Design of photovoltaic-water heater based on thermoelectric refrigeration effect

作　　者：丁锦宏[1,2] 章学来[1] 华维三 刘宇飞[1] 徐蔚雯 

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学蓄冷研究所 [2]清华大学

出　　处：《制冷与空调》2015年第10期10-15,共6页Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning

摘　　要：晶体硅太阳能电池工作温度通常在50℃以上,散热不良时甚至达到80℃,这会严重影响太阳能电池的工作效率,高温下光伏板甚至会自燃,安全性能下降。为了解决该问题,本文提出基于热电制冷效应的光伏热水装置的构思,结合太阳能光伏与热电制冷模块,功能上能实现光伏光热一体化。该装置利用太阳能光伏板产生的部分电能驱动热电制冷模块将光伏板的热量带走,降低光伏板的温度,提高光电转化效率。同时,热电制冷模块中的热端口设置流道进行冷水换热,可提供生活用水。用CFD软件定量模拟热电制冷模块对光伏板的温度影响,结果表明:添加热电制冷模块后,光伏板温度明显下降,运行更加稳定。光伏板温度降低到环境温度,单位面积制冷量大约为155 W。该构思为热电制冷技术用于太阳能热水装置的后续研究提供必要的依据。The operation temperature of crystalline silicon solar cells is usually over 50℃,and it even reaches 80 ℃ when heat dissipation is not good.The high temperature will seriously affect the working efficiency of solar cells,and high temperature even causes spontaneous combustion of photovoltaic panels,which means safety performance degradation.In order to solve this problem,the concept of photovoltaic-water heater based on the thermoelectric refrigeration effect is proposed,combined with photovoltaic and thermoelectric cooling module,which can realize the function of photovoltaic integrated with thermal.The device can drive the thermoelectric cooling module by part of power generated by photovoltaic panels,in order to take the heat away from the photovoltaic panels and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.At the same time,the flow path set in hot side of thermoelectric module can realize heat transfer with cool water and provide domestic water.CFD software is used to simulate the influence of thermoelectric cooling module on the temperature of photovoltaic panels.The results show that the photovoltaic panels＇ temperature of the system installed the thermoelectric cooling module is decreased and its operation is more stable.When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is down to ambient temperature,its cooling capacity per unit area is about 155 W.This research lays the solid foundation for the application of thermoelectric refrigeration technology to further study on solar water heater.

关 键 词：热电制冷 太阳能光伏 热水系统 

分 类 号：TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]