背越式跳高起跳、腾空阶段躯干转动技术的运动学分析  

Kinematic Analysis of Trunk Rotation during Take-off and Flight Phase of Fosbury Flop

作　　者：郭梁[1,2] 吴瑛[2] 徐涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院科学实验中心,广州510500 [2]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [3]广州体育学院研究生部,广州510500

出　　处：《体育科研》2015年第5期71-75,共5页Sport Science Research

基　　金：广东省创新强校项目(2014KQNCX144);广东省体育局项目(GDSS2014180)

摘　　要：为了探究躯干转动在背越式跳高起跳、腾空阶段的生物力学规律,采用文献资料法、影像分析法、数理统计法等研究方法,对国内9名优秀男子跳高运动员进行运动学分析。研究结果显示:运动员起跳过程中3个时间点躯干纵轴与Y轴的夹角均值分别为(74.8±1.9)°、(81.3±1.9)°、(92.5±2.0)°;躯干三环节与XOY面夹角减小和增加的顺序(由快到慢)是:胸部段>腹部段>髋部段。研究认为:起跳离地瞬间适宜的躯干纵轴外倾角度(92°左右)除了可以避免身体碰触横杆和提高身体垂直速度外,还可以使身体获得足够的翻转角动量;在起跳和腾空过杆过程中,肩部发挥了引领作用。In order to probe into the kinematic law of trunk rotation in take-off and flight phase of back flop and by the means of literature study, video analysis and statistics, the authors made a kinematic analysis of the9 elite Chinese male high jumpers. The result shows that the average value of the angle between the longitudinal axis and Y axis of trunk is（74.8 ±1.9）°,（81.3 ±1.9）° and（92.5 ±2.0）° respectively at the three time points during the take-off of athletes. The sequence of the decrease and increase of the angle of the three parts of body and XOY plane（from fast to slow） is chest〉 abdomen 〉hip. The conclusion of the study is that the proper angle of trunk longitudinal axis extroversion（approximately 92°） at the instant of take-off may help body avoid touching the bar and accelerate the vertical speed of body. Besides, it help body obtain enough angular momentum. In the course of take-off and clearing the bar, the part of shoulder exerts the role of guidance.

关 键 词：背越式跳高 躯干转动 起跳 角度 背弓 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]