不同肥料配施模式下稻田田面水氮素的变化特征  

The Variations Characteristics of Nitrogen Concentration in Rice Surface Water in Different Fertility Ratio mode

作　　者：孙爱华[1,2] 朱士江[1,2,3] 张忠学[3] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院 [2]三峡大学农业水土资源可持续利用研究所,湖北宜昌433002 [3]东北农业大学农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2015年第10期50-53,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题“大型灌区节水技术集成与示范”(2012BAD08B05);三峡大学人才启动基金项目(KJ2011B025)

摘　　要：采用田间试验方法,研究了不同肥料配施模式下稻田田面水中氮素的动态变化。结果表明,不同的水分管理模式和肥料配施模式会显著影响稻田田面水中氮素的动态变化,其中N1P3K2和N2P3K1处理铵态氮浓度值区别不显著,N3P2K2处理铵态氮浓度最高,尤其是湿润灌溉处理的铵态氮浓度高于常规灌溉处理;穗肥比返青肥达到峰值速度快,施肥时期越靠后,田面水中铵态氮浓度越大;按F2阶段比例施肥的处理铵态氮浓度要比按F1阶段比例施肥的高;稻田田面水中硝态氮浓度普遍较低,且峰值出现时间较铵态氮更为滞后,随时间延长,硝态氮浓度逐渐降低,且湿润灌溉条件下各施肥时期硝态氮浓度要比在常规灌溉条件下稍低。因此,有效地水分管理和合理的施肥模式,不仅能节约水资源,还能有效地控制氮素流失,减少面源污染。A field experiment was conducted in Baoqing county to analyze the variation characteristics of Nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field,and in different irrigation modes and fertility ratio mode.Twelve treatments were applied in this study：wetting irrigation（W1）,conventional irrigation（W2）;fertilizer level adopted 3 414 part of conceptual design,that was three factors of nitrogen,phosphate and potassium,four levels;two kinds of proportion were set up among striking root fertilizer,tillering stage dressing and earing fertilizer,that was F1（4∶4∶2）,F2（4∶3∶3）.The results showed that：the concentration of ammonium nitrogen was the highest,especially that in wet irrigation treatment was higher than that in conventional irrigation treatment,but the difference was not significant between N1P3K2 and N2P3K1;the speed of nitrogen concentration reaching to peak of the earing fertilizer treatment was quicker than that of striking root fertilizer treatment,and the later the time,the higher the nitrogen concentration;the nitrogen concentration of the treatment of fertility as F2 was higher than that of the treatment of fertility as F1;the nitrate nitrogen concentration of paddy field surface water was general lower,and its reaching peak time lagged than that of ammonium nitrogen;with the time increasing,the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was gradually reduced,and it was little lower in wetting irrigation than in conventional irrigation.Therefore,effective water management and reasonable fertilizer mode,can not only save water resource,but also effectively control nitrogen to run off,and then reduce Non-point source pollution.

关 键 词：氮磷钾 稻田田面水 氮素浓度 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]