寄主与非寄主植物的气味对草履蚧行为的影响  

Effects of Odors from Host and Non-host Plants on the Behavior of Drosicha corpulenta(Kuwana)

作　　者：牛秀萍[1] 张艳峰[1] 谢映平[1] 薛皎亮[1] 杜仙当 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西省稷山县林业局,山西稷山043200

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第4期707-714,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金--青年科学基金项目(31200495);山西省青年科技基金(2011021029-2)

摘　　要：为获得可应用于林间生物防治草履蚧Drosicha corpulenta(Kuwana)最佳的植物材料,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了草履蚧若虫和雌成虫分别对12种寄主植物和6种非寄主植物的趋性反应,并采用蜜露显色法测定了4种驱避作用较强的非寄主植物的乙醇提取液对草履蚧蜜露排泄量的影响。结果显示,草履蚧若虫和雌成虫对寄主植物柿树、枣树、杨树的气味均表现出显著的正趋性,其中柿树对若虫和雌成虫的引诱率分别为68.9%和74.7%,诱集效果达到极显著水平;而对非寄主植物花椒、臭椿、薄荷、连翘的挥发物及上述4种植物的乙醇提取液表现出显著的负趋性,这些植物的挥发物和提取液对草履蚧具有显著的驱避作用,而榆叶梅植株挥发物仅对雌成虫具有显著驱避作用;拒食作用测定发现,经臭椿和花椒乙醇提取液处理的枝条,草履蚧若虫的蜜露排泄量分别减少了70.6%和70.1%,雌成虫的减少了80.5%和72.4%,减少量均达到极显著水平。由此得出,柿树气味对草履蚧若虫和雌成虫均具有极显著的引诱作用,花椒和臭椿对草履蚧若虫和雌成虫具有极显著的驱避作用。因此,可以考虑在柿园间作花椒或臭椿模式对草履蚧进行生物防治。To acquire the most suitable plants to control the scale insect Drosicha corpulenta（Kuwana）,the behavioral responses of the nymphs（the 2nd-instar）and female adults of D.corpulentatoward the odors released from the twelve species of host plants and six species of the non-host plants were studied by using the＂Y-shape＂olfactometer,and the effect of the extracts of the four non-host plants on the honeydew excretion of the D.corpulenta was investigated by using the honeydew chromogenic method.The results showed that both the nymphs and female adults displayed obviously taxis responses to the volatile of host plants Diospyros kaki,Ziziphus jujuba and Populus tomentosa.The inducing effect of D.kaki reached the extremely significant difference level and the inducing rate for the nymphs and adults were 68.9% and74.7%,respectively.However,the volatile and alcoholic extracts of the non-host plants,Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Ailanthus altissma,Mentha haplocalyx and Forsythia suspense displayed remarkable repellency effect on the scale insect.In comparison,the volatile of Amygdalus triloba only exhibited the remarkable repellent effect on the female adults.The alcoholic extracts of Z.bungeanum and A.altissma showed the strongest effect on the nymphs with excretion decrement rate 70.6% and 70.1% and the female adults with 80.5% and 72.4%,respectively.D.kaki possessed of the strongest inducing effect,while Z.bungeanumand A.altissmahad the strongest repellency effect on the nymphs and female adults.It provides a potential intercropping pattern of Z.bungeanumor/and A.altissmain orchard to achieve biological control of D.corpulenta.

关 键 词：草履蚧 趋性反应 驱避 引诱 蜜露排泄量 

分 类 号：Q96[生物学—昆虫学]