脲酶硝化双抑制剂缓释肥提高番茄产量及NPK养分吸收  

Slow-release fertilizer containing urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor improving nitrogen release characteristic and uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tomato

作　　者：陈序根 徐卫红[1] 王崇力[1] 陈永勤[1] 迟荪琳 熊仕娟 谢文文[1] 陈蓉[1] 张进忠[1] 熊治庭[2] 王正银[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]武汉大学资源环境学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第21期168-176,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20477032);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B10);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Nycytx-25)

摘　　要：为提高番茄肥料的利用效率,该文采用恒温培养和土培试验研究了自制番茄专用缓释肥（special slow-realease fertilizer for tomato,TSRF1和TSRF2）在酸、中、碱性土中的氮素释放特性以及对番茄产量、NPK养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在3种不同土壤中,氮素释放累积量均表现为普通复合肥（ordinary compound fertilizer,OCF）〉商品缓释肥（commercial slow-release fertilizer,MSRF）〉自制专用肥（special compound fertilizer for tomato,TCF）〉自制专用缓释肥1（TSRF1）〉自制专用缓释肥2（TSRF2）,且各施肥处理在3种不同土壤类型上的氮素累积释放量大小表现为碱性土〉中性土〉酸性土。在整个培养期,各施肥处理在3种不同土壤中氮素相对累积释放率大小总体表现为碱性土〉中性土〉酸性土,且土壤中不同形态氮素累积量均是铵态氮大于硝态氮。铵态氮、硝态氮的累积量大小也表现为碱性土〉中性土〉酸性土。不同形态氮在3种土壤中的累积释放量动态释放以一级动力学方程拟合最好（r=0.963~0.998）。采用一级动力学方程,不同形态氮素的最大释放量表现为总N〉NH4＋-N〉NO3--N,这与土壤中各形态氮素养分的累积释放特性变化规律表现一致。在土培试验中,两种专用缓释肥（TSRF2和TSRF1）显著提高了番茄果实干物质量,较TCF、MSRF和OCF处理分别增加了18.18%、7.24%、31.40%和13.45%、2.96%、26.15%,且番茄产量在各处理之间的差异达到显著水平。各处理对氮素的积累量大小顺序为TSRF2〉TSRF1〉MSRF〉TCF〉OCF,对磷的吸收上表现为TSRF1〉TSRF2〉MSRF〉TCF〉OCF,钾素吸收积累量的趋势与氮素基本相同。与普通复合肥相比,两种专用缓释肥处理的N、P、K利用率分别增加了10.66%、20.53%和18.62%（TSRF1）,14.94%、18.48%和21.95%（TSRF2）。两种专用缓释肥（TSRF2和TSRF1）在抑制剂的作用下,能够延缓肥料中N素养分的释放,增加番茄�In order to provide theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, in this study, special slow-release fertilizers containing urease inhibitor（NBPT） and nitrification inhibitor（DCD） were produced according to the nutrient requirements of tomato. Nitrogen release characteristics of two vegetables special slow-release fertilizers were studied in the experiment of ＂soil incubating method＂. In addition, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of the slow-release fertilizers on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and NPK content of tomato. The results showed that in three different soil, cumulative nitrogen release in soil was in order of ordinary compound fertilizer（OCF）commercial slow-release fertilizer（MSRF）tomato special compound fertilizer NO.1（TCF）tomato special slow-release fertilizer NO.2（TSRF1）tomato special slow-release fertilizer（TSRF2）, and nitrogen released in soil from the special slow release fertilizers（TSRF1 and TSRF2） were less than that of other fertilizers. The amount of nitrogen accumulated release of different fertilizer treatments in three different soil types showed alkaline soil neutral soil acid soil. In 14 th day of incubation, the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil increased, and the accumulation of nitrate in soil increased significantly after 14 d. Nitrogen accumulation in soil were more in NH＋4-N than in NO—3N due to the nitrification inhibitor（DCD） which can inhibit soil nitrification and The nitrification process was inhibited by nitrification inhibitors, and the nitrogen fertilizer remained in the soil for a long time in the form of NH＋4-N. Nitrogen accumulation for NH＋4-N and NO-3-N was also as alkaline soilneutral soilacid soil. The release of different forms of nitrogen in the three soils was fitted with an equation of the first order kinetics（r ranged from 0.963 to 0.998）. Using the first order kinetic equation, the N0 value of the maximum release rate of different forms of

关 键 词：肥料 养分 土壤 专用缓释肥料 氮素释放特性 NPK养分吸收 养分相对利用率 番茄 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]