郊区化进程中的就业分散化及其空间结构演化——以北京都市区为例  

EMPLOYMENT DECENTRALIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF EMPLOYMENT SPATIAL STRUCTURE AMID SUBURBANIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON BEIJING METROPOLITAN AREA

作　　者：孙铁山[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《城市规划》2015年第10期9-15,30,共8页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371005;41001069);北京市支持中央高校共建项目(青年英才计划)

摘　　要：通过分析2004-2008年北京都市区就业分散化的基本特征,并考察就业分散化过程中就业分布的集聚程度、空间结构与专业化分工的变化,揭示了北京都市区郊区化过程中就业分散化与就业空间结构演化之间的关系。结果显示,北京都市区就业分散化的空间范围比较有限,主要在距城市中心30km范围内表现出就业分散化特征。就业分散化程度最高的是制造业,与制造业相关的生产性服务业也表现出不同程度的就业分散化趋势。就业分散化的同时,北京都市区就业分布的集聚程度有所增加,且就业集聚中心明显由城市中心区向外围分散,外围地区出现新的集聚中心,整体上就业中心集聚就业的水平有所提高,显示北京都市区的就业分散化并非"一般分散化",而是分散化的集聚。同时,就业集聚中心的平均专业化水平大幅提升,尤其是外围新的就业集聚中心都具有较高的专业化水平,显示就业的分散化集中伴随着专业化集聚。并且就业集聚中心已形成了较为清晰的专业化地域分工格局,外围地区的就业中心大多专业化于就业分散化的行业部门。This paper studies the employment suburbanization and the evolution of urban spatial structure in super large Chinese cities, using the Beijing metropolitan area as an example. The paper analyzes the characteristics of employment decentralization in the Beijing metropolitan area from 2004 to 2008, examines the changes of employment distribution and specialization, and reveals the relationship between the employment decentralization and the urban spatial restructuring. It is found that the spatial scope of employment decentralization in the Beijing metropolitan area is quite limited, which is within a range of 30 kilometers away from the city center. Manufacturing industry has the highest decentralization degree in the Beijing metropolitan area and producer services related to manufacturing activities have also been decentralized to varying degrees. With the employment decentralization, the agglomeration of employment in the Beijing metropolitan area has been improved instead, and the employment concentration centers have been dispersed from the central area to the outer areas, with the new employment centers emerging in the suburbs. Overall, there has been more employment concentrated within the the metropolitan area. employment centers in This indicates that the employment decentralization in the Beijing metropolitan area does not take the form of the generalized dispersion, but of the decentralized concentration. Meanwhile, the specialization of employment centers has also been improved with the employment decentralization; especially the new centers emerging in the suburbs are all highly specialized. This indicates the employment decentralization in the Beijing metropolitan area is accompanied by the specialized re-agglomeration of employment. And there have been explicit territorial divisions of labors among employment centers, with outer centers mostly specialized in the decentralized sectors.

关 键 词：就业分散化 郊区化 空间结构 专业化分工 北京都市区 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]