秦汉人身高考察  

A Textual Research of the Height of Chinese People in the Qin-Han Period

作　　者：彭卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《文史哲》2015年第6期20-44,164,共25页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：秦汉人的身高延续了新石器时代以来的基本态势,呈现出北高南低的基本状况。秦汉时期黄河流域和以北地区成年男性的中等身高大约为166-168厘米,成年女性的中等身高大约为150-152厘米。长江流域和以南地区成年男性的中等身高大约为161厘米,成年女性的中等身高大约为150厘米。秦汉人的身高可能因经济状况和社会地位的不同而有差异,家境较为富裕或社会地位较高的群体,一般来说其平均身高可能要高于家境较为贫寒或社会地位较低的群体。在成年人的确认中,年龄是最重要的因素,身高意义有限。尽管秦汉社会重视人的体貌,但身高与爵位的获得以及官吏选拔之间并不存在制度上的特定联系。商周时期人群的中常身高较之新石器时代的居民可能降低了2厘米以上,秦汉时期居民的中常身高则有所回升,这种情形可能与产业结构以及由此导致的食物获取内容的改变有关。有资料显示,唐宋时期某些地区居民的平均身高较之汉代持续下降,这个现象是否具有普遍性还需进一步研究。The height of Chinese people in the Qin-Han period inherited the basic situation since the Neolithic Age,which was that the northern people were taller than those in the south.In this period,the medium height of adult males in the Yellow River basin and the areas north of it was about 166~168cm,and the medium height of adult females in the region was about 150~152cm;while the medium height of adult males in the Yangtze River basin and the areas south of it was about 161 cm,and the medium height of adult females in the region was about150 cm.People's height in this period varied with different economic position and social status,i.e.the average height of rich families and people of high social status might be higher than that of the poor families and those with low social status.In confirming the characteristics of fossilized bodies,age is the most important factor,and the significance of height is limited.Although one's appearance was valued in the Qin-Han period,there were no institutional links between height and the attainment of nobility or the selection of officials.The average height in the Shang-Zhou period might more than two centimeters shorter than in the Neolithic Age,and this value rose in the Qin-Han period,which might be related to the changes in industrial structure and the change in food access.Documents show that compared to the Han Dynasty,the average height of residents in some areas during the Tang-Song period continued to decline.Whether this phenomenon was universal still needs further research.

关 键 词：秦汉 身高 北高南低 制度 变化 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]