论巨灾赔偿基金中的特别主事人--以美国“9.11基金”和“BP基金”为例  

On Special Master in Disaster Compensation Fund:Taking American 9.11 Fund and BP Fund as Examples

作　　者：张光磊[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学中欧法学院,北京102249 [2]中国政法大学 [3]哥伦比亚大学

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2015年第6期128-140,共13页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：马怀德教授主持的国家自然科学基金重大研究计划“非常规突发事件应急管理研究”项目“非常规突发事件应急管理的法制保障系统”(项目编号:90924028)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：灾难赔偿基金中的特别主事人源于法官临时助理,从诉内和解基金管理人逐渐发展为诉外和解基金管理人,后脱离和解本身成为一般意义上的基金管理人。因公立基金和私立基金的功能定位不同,特别主事人的角色定位也存在差别。在公立基金中,特别主事人系行政委托中的受托人,旨在帮助政府实现政治目标;在私立基金中,特别主事人系民事委托关系中的受托人,旨在帮助委托人实现民事和解。特别主事人不是独立和中立的裁判者,而是专业服务的提供者和委托关系中的受托人,全面客观地认识其角色对于我国有效运用灾难赔偿基金制度至关重要。Special masters in disaster compensation funds arose trom temporary judges and then developed from managers of reconciliation funds approved by courts to managers of out-of-court reconciliation funds, and finally became managers of funds in general independent from reconciliation. Considering the different functional positioning of public funds and private funds, he roles of special masters in the two kinds of funds also differ in some aspects. For public funds, special masters are trustees in the relationship of administrative entrustment, aiming to help the government achieve political goals. Whilst for private funds, special masters are trustees in the relationship of civil entrustment, in order to help trustors reach civil reconciliation. Special masters are not independent or neutral arbitrators, but professional service providers and trustees in the relationship of entrustment. To understand the roles of special masters in a comprehensive and objective way is vital to efficient use of disaster compensation funds in China.

关 键 词：灾难赔偿基金 公立基金 私立基金 特别主事人 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.1