2000年以来福州地区夏季极端高温的新特征及成因探讨  

New Characteristics of Heat Extremes in Fuzhou Since 2000 and the Possible Causes

作　　者：谭红建[1,2,3] 蔡榕硕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室,厦门361005 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所季风系统研究中心,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100190

出　　处：《大气科学》2015年第6期1179-1190,共12页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费2013002;2013003;公益性行业科研专项经费项目GYHY201006021

摘　　要：近几十年来,全球气候变暖背景下夏季中国大陆大中城市的极端高温事件趋于频繁,其时空格局发生了显著变化,并对社会经济环境造成了严重的影响。中国气象局最近发布的数据表明,福州市因高温天数最多而被称为中国＂第一火炉＂,一度引起热议。本文利用逐日的观测资料建立了多个极端高温指数（极端高温天数、极端最高气温、平均最高气温和炎热指数等）序列,综合分析了在1960-2013年间夏季福州市极端高温的变化趋势,并与传统的＂四大火炉＂城市（重庆、武汉、南昌和南京）做了比较。结果表明：福州市的高温指数在20世纪60、70年代并不突出,但在1970年代末和1990年代初经历两次转折后,均有显著的上升过程,其中,极端高温天数、日最高平均气温和相对湿度在2000年左右均发生了一次显著的突变;进入21世纪后,除了在年平均极端最高气温不如重庆高外,其他各项极端高温指数均超过传统的＂四大火炉＂。分析还表明,21世纪初以后,中国东部沿海地区特别是福州市的极端高温是由大气环流变异引起的,其贡献主要源自低层水平和垂直温度平流的异常,而局地非绝热加热的贡献较小。此外,近十年来,西太平洋副热带高压的明显西伸也有利于夏季中国南方城市的极端高温事件的频繁发生。Recent years have seen an exceptionally large number of heat extremes in large- and medium-sized cities around China under global warming, some causing major human suffering and economic damage. The latest data from the China Meteorological Administration show that Fuzhou has become ＂the first furnace＂, according to experiencing the largest number of high temperature days, which has triggered intensive discussion. The present study compares the heat in Fuzhou with that of the traditional ＂four big furnaces＂（Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang, and Nanjing）, in terms of several extreme heat indices（EHIs）-high temperature days, extreme maximum temperature, mean high temperature, and heat index-based on daily observed data. The results indicate that the heat in Fuzhou was not particularly strong in the 1960s and 1970s, but in recent decades, Fuzhou has become one of the hottest cities in China following two stages of increase around the late 1970s and early 1990s. Almost all the extreme heat indices, except the extreme maximum temperature, reveal Fuzhou outpaced the other four cities during the last decade. The EHIs of Fuzhou experienced an abrupt climatic change around 2000, which was associated with the decadal variability of atmospheric circulation over East Asia. The lower horizontal and vertical temperature advection and westward extension of the subtropical high can largely explain the intensive and frequent heat extremes in Fuzhou during the past decade.

关 键 词：福州 极端高温 气候突变 温度平流 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]