澳大利亚刑事错案的赔偿  

The Payments of Criminal Wrongful Convictions in Australia

作　　者：季美君[1] 

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院检察理论研究所,北京100144

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2015年第6期36-45,168-169,共10页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：澳大利亚刑事司法制度比较完善,但少量的刑事错案仍会出现。在错案救济赔偿方面,各州多采用特惠赔偿制度,首府地区还在立法中明确规定了错案的定义及赔偿条件。由于错案在成因上具有执法者的不当行为、科学证据的不当解读及媒体报道的不良影响等诸多共性,在错案难以杜绝的情况下,澳大利亚各司法辖区采取增加上诉次数、规定错案赔偿条件以及将无辜者DNA检测立法化等改革措施,为被错误定罪的无辜者提供更多而有效的洗冤渠道。Though Australia has a good criminal justice system,a relatively small number of demonstrated wrongful convictions still occurred. As to the compensation,Australian states and territories can make discretionary ex gratia payments,although determination of compensation amounts is unclear. Australian Capital Territory stipulates the definition and circumstances of wrongful conviction in the Human Rights Act 2004. Due to common systemic causes,such as police or prosecutor misconduct,flawed scientific evidence as well as the destructive consequences of the media,some jurisdictions have taken recent reforms of corrective measures to provide those convicted but innocent people with more avenues to prove their innocence,such as establishing a second or subsequent statutory right of appeal,providing circumstances of compensation and legislating DNA innocence testing to applicants.

关 键 词：刑事错案 特惠赔偿 错案成因 改革 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学]