海南岛大气可降水量的时空分布特征研究  

Research on characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution of precipitable water in Hainan Island

作　　者：李光伟[1,2] 李春鸾 敖杰[1,2] 何媛[1,2] 黄彦彬[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]海南省气象科学研究所,海南海口570203 [2]海南省人工影响天气中心,海南海口570203 [3]海口市气象局,海南海口570203

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2015年第5期129-138,共10页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(413133);海南省气象局科技创新项目(HN2013MS15);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406033-04);中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2015M46)~~

摘　　要：利用1981－2010年ERA－I再分析资料和探空资料，分析了海南岛夏半季、冬半季平均大气可降水量（PW）的年际变化趋势、时空分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：海口和三亚月平均PW年变化均存在一个单峰结构，最高值（8月）与最低值（1月）的比值均大于1．8。冬夏半季PW差异值为18．1～20．0mm，夏半季和冬半季平均PW与海拔高度存在负相关，季节和五指山地形因素对PW空间分布有重要影响；夏半季和冬半季平均PW距平曲线正负极值所在年份分别与EI Nino和La Nina事件年有比较明显的对应关系；EOF分析显示，夏半季和冬半季平均PW的第1模态空间分布均呈现全区域一致性负值分布，其时间系数正负值转变均发生于2003年，即大气可降水量呈现先减少后增加的趋势。Based on ERA- I re- analysis and Radiosonde data during the years 1981 -2010, the variation trend, spatiotemporal distributions and influencing factors of preeipitable water （PW） in Hainan Island were analyzed. Results show that, the annual variations of monthly average of PW present a single peak in both Haikou and Sanya. The ratio of maximum to minimum at two stations are both more than 1.8. The difference of PW between dry - sea- son and rainy -season is at 18. 1mm -20.0mm. There is a significant negative correlation between the two seasons mean PW and altitude. Season and Wuzhi Mountain terrain are important factors influencing PW spatial distribu- tions. There is obvious corresponding relation between the years with positive （negative） extreme value of PW anomaly and EI Nino （ La Nina） event year. EOF analysis indicates that, the spatial distribution of the first mode of the mean PW in the two seasons all present consistent negative -value distribution in the whole region, the PC val- ue of which exhibits a positive to negative change in 2003, that is, first increase and then decrease.

关 键 词：大气可降水量 EOF 水汽 海南岛 水汽含量 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]