西北旱区灌溉方式对苜蓿产量及品质的影响  

Effects of irrigation methods on yield and quality of alfalfa in arid northwest China

作　　者：陶雪[1] 苏德荣[1] 乔阳[1] 寇丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学草地资源与生态研究中心,北京100083 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第10期1641-1647,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家863计划课题(2011AA100502);国家自然科学基金课题(51379011)

摘　　要：为探究灌溉方式对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)产量及品质的影响,进行苜蓿地下滴灌(SDI)、畦灌(BI)、喷灌(SI)和对照(CK)4种处理的大田试验。结果表明,与其他3种处理相比,SDI的土壤含水量最高,CK最低。SDI的产量及水分利用效率均显著高于其他3个处理(P<0.05),其中SDI两茬的产量分别为4 815.87、4 300.41 kg·hm-2,相比BI、SI、CK,SDI两茬分别提高了10.56%、14.92%、95.26%和13.64%、23.60%、120.85%。SDI两茬的水分利用效率分别为2.66和2.50 kg·m-3,较BI和SI,两茬分别提高了17.70%、21.46%和20.77%、34.41%。CK的品质显著高于其他3个灌水处理(P<0.05),3个灌水处理间品质差异不明显,SDI苜蓿两茬的粗蛋白产量分别为816.13和814.07 kg·hm-2,相比BI、SI、CK,SDI两茬分别提高了2.38%、5.84%、61.90%和10.90%、18.83%、100.01%。本研究揭示,相比BI和SI,SDI促进苜蓿生长,且显著提高了苜蓿粗蛋白产量、干草产量及水分利用效率。因此,SDI适合在西北干旱地区苜蓿种植中应用和推广。The present study was to explore the effects of different irrigation methods including subsurface drip irrigation（ SDI）,border irrigation（ BI）,sprinkler irrigation（ SI）,and CK on growth,quality and yield of alfalfa. The results showed that different irrigation methods had different effects on soil water content,and SDI treatment had the highest soil water content. In addition,this study found that different irrigation methods had greatly different effects on alfalfa quality,yield and water use efficiency. Dry yield of two cuttings alfalfa of SDI treatment was 4 815. 87,4 300. 41 kg·ha- 1,respectively. Compared with BI,SI and CK treatments,yield of two cuttings alfalfa of SDI increased by 10. 56%,14. 92%,95. 26% and 13. 64%,23. 60%,120. 85%,respectively（ P 〈0. 05）. Water use efficiency of two cuttings alfalfa of SDI treatment was 2. 66,2. 50 kg·m- 3,respectively. Compared with BI and SI treatments,water use efficiency of the two cuttings of SDI increased by 17. 70%,21. 46% and 20. 77%,34. 41%,respectively（ P 〈0. 05）. 度 SDI treatment had the lowest protein content and the highest fiber content,but crude protein yield of SDI treatment was significantly improved（ P 〈0. 05）. Crude protein yield of two cuttings alfalfa of SDI treatment was 816. 13,814. 07 kg·ha- 1,respectively. Compared with BI,SI,CK treatments,crude protein yield of two cuttings alfalfa of SDI increased by 2. 38%,5. 84%,61. 90% and 10. 90%,18. 83%,100.01%,respectively（ P 〈0. 05）. These results suggested SDI could improve the growth,crude protein yield,dry yield and water use efficiency of alfalfa. Therefore,SDI was more suitable for alfalfa planting in arid northwest China.

关 键 词：苜蓿 地下滴灌 粗蛋白产量 干草产量 品质 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]