1761—1780年极端气候事件影响下的天山北麓移民活动研究  

Study of migration into the North Foot of the Tianshan Mountains under the influence of extreme climate events from 1761 to 1780

作　　者：李屹凯[1] 张莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期84-89,共6页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41271159)

摘　　要：以1761—1780年新疆天山北麓的移民活动为研究对象,讨论移民政策、移民高潮与移民迁出地极端气候事件之间的关系。结果显示：1761—1780年间有3次移民高潮,分别发生在1764—1766年、1772—1773年和1777—1780年。1761—1780年,天山北麓的移民政策没有发生大的改变,但1763—1765年、1771年、1775—1778年移民迁出地——河西走廊发生了3次极端干旱事件,揭示1761—1780年的3次移民高潮受极端干旱事件的驱动,且移民高潮的出现滞后迁出地极端干旱事件1~2年。第3次干旱推动了第3次移民高潮的出现,使得当时的清政府于1780年转变了移民政策。1775—1780年河西走廊极端干旱事件—天山北麓移民高潮—政府移民政策转变之间形成了一个完成的气候变化-社会响应链条。Considering the immigration from the Hexi Corridor into the North Foot of the Tianshan Mountains during 1761—1780,the relationship among migratory policy,the migratory peaks in the North Foot of the Tianshan Mountains and the extreme climate events in the Hexi Corridor were discussed.There are three migratory peaks which occurred in 1764—1766,1772—1773and 1777—1780.The migratory policy had not changed much during 1761—1780.The three migratory peaks were driven by the extreme drought climate events.There are three drought events occurred in 1763—1765,1771 and 1775—1778.Migratory peaks lagged behind of the extreme drought climate events about 1~2years.Among them,the third drought event pushed the last migratory peak,which made the Qing government change migratory policy in 1780.It was formed a complete chain of effects-feedback among the extreme drought climate event in the Hexi Corridor,the migratory peak in the North Foot of the Tianshan Mountains and the government′s migratory policy changes during 1775—1780.

关 键 词：极端气候事件 天山北麓 移民 政策转变 河西走廊 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]