关于单原子自旋与转动自由度的教学探讨  

EXPLORATORY DISCUSSIONS ON THE TEACHING OF SPIN AND ROTATIONAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF SINGLE ATOM

作　　者：聂娅[1] 向钢[1] 张析[1] 王磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学物理科学与技术学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《物理与工程》2015年第5期41-43,共3页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：在热学课程的教学实践中我们发现,因学生对于微观原子概念的理解仍然停留在宏观的经典力学物理模型中,当讨论气体分子的自由度时,单原子的自旋和转动自由度等问题就会对积极思考的学生带来困惑.鉴于此,本文对单个原子的自旋与转动自由度进行了简要探讨,并区分量子自旋与经典物理的自转运动,强调自旋是微观粒子的内禀属性,没有经典概念与之对应,并指出将原子视为质点的简化假设有助于低年级学生掌握关于原子自由度的基本概念与物理图像.During the teaching practice of the thermology course,we find that some students tend to think of microscopic atoms in the classical Newtonian model.Thus,when we discuss the degrees of freedom of gas molecules,the students who think actively will get confused with the concepts of atom spin and the rotational degree of freedom.For this reason,the spin and rotational degrees of freedom of single atom are discussed in this paper.The difference between the physical picture of quantum mechanical spin and the physical picture of classical Newtonian mechanical rotation is explored.We point out the spin of microscopic particles is an intrinsic property,which has no corresponding concept in classical physics.And we conclude that the simplified model that assumes the atom as a particle is appropriate for entry-level undergraduates in the sense that it can assist them to understand the basic concept and physical picture of atomic degrees of freedom.

关 键 词：原子 自旋 自转运动 自由度 

分 类 号：O414.1-4[理学—理论物理] G642[理学—物理]