江西武夷山黄岗山西北坡植物物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化  

Plant species diversity changes along altitudinal gradient on the northwest slope of Huanggang Mountain of Jiangxi Wuyi Mountain

作　　者：郭英荣 雷平 晏雨鸿 袁荣斌 吴淑玉 李剑萍 

机构地区：[1]江西武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局,江西铅山334500

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第11期3002-3008,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC11B02);江西武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局研究基金项目资助

摘　　要：武夷山脉是我国大陆东南生物多样性最为富集的关键地区,其主峰黄岗山西北坡具有典型的垂直带谱。为探讨其植物物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化特征,依植被类型于黄岗山西北坡设置5个海拔梯度（900～2000 m,从低到高分别记为海拔梯度1、2、3、4、5）,采用α和β多样性指数进行评估。结果显示：随海拔的上升,样地物种的平均科数、平均属数、平均种数和乔木的平均株数及其种数均呈下降的趋势,且海拔梯度1与海拔梯度3、4及5均呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）。群落α多样性指数在海拔梯度上呈减小的变化趋势,其中Gleason丰富度指数海拔梯度间差异性与物种平均种数一致,Shannon多样性指数只有海拔梯度1与海拔梯度5间呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）,Pielou均匀度指数则差异不显著。而群落β多样性指数和物种平均密度在海拔梯度上呈先减小后增大的“V”型变化。乔木的多样性指数未表现出与群落多样性指数相同的变化趋势,但其Pielou均匀度指数在海拔梯度上的差异性表现一致。综合物种多样性和植物密度结果表明：低海拔梯度的植被群落具有较高的物种多样性,中海拔梯度的植物密度最低。Wuyi Mountain is the key region of highest biodiversity in southeast China, and its peak Huanggang Mountain has a typical altitudinal belt of subtropical vegetation on the northwest- ern slope. In order to better understand the variations in plant species diversity along the altitudi- nal gradient, five altitudinal ranges with distinct vegetation types were selected on the northwest slope of Huanggang Mountain （900-2000 m, and denoted by gradients 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 from low to high altitudes）, and α and β diversity indices were used to quantify plant species diversi- ty. The results showed that the mean richness of families, genera, and species in communities as well as the mean individuals and species of trees followed a decreasing trend with the increase of the elevation, and gradient 1 showed significant differences with gradients 3, 4 and 5 （P〈0.05）. α diversity index also showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. Gleason richness index of gradient 1 showed significant differences with gradients 3, 4 and 5 （P〈0.05）, but Shannon diversity index of gradient 1 only showed a significant difference with that of the gradient 5 （P〈0.05）, while Pielou evenness index did not show significant difference （P〉0.05）. How- ever, β diversity index and mean species density followed a V-typed trend （firstly decrease, and then increase） in the different gradients. Diversity indices of trees didn＇ t show the same trend as the communities, but the difference of Pielou index showed the same results in the different gradients. Taken together, the results indicated that the communities in low altitudinal gradient were characterized by high plant diversity, while that in middle altitudinal gradient showed lowest den- sity.

关 键 词：黄岗山 Α多样性 Β多样性 海拔梯度 群落结构 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]