北京地区黄檗种群数量结构及空间分布特征  

Population structure and spatial distribution characteristics of Phellodendron amurense in Beijing

作　　者：宋超[1] 余琦殷[1] 于梦凡[1] 邢韶华[1] 刘润泽[2] 曲宏[2] 黄三祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]北京市园林绿化局,北京100013

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第11期3040-3049,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z121100000312107)资助

摘　　要：黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)为我国二级国家重点保护野生植物,在北京地区黄檗多散生于阔叶林中,数量稀少,为了解北京地区黄檗种群的年龄结构和空间分布特征,促进种群扩繁,在北京百花山、松山和雾灵山自然保护区共设置了12个20 m×20 m的样地,从种群的径级结构、静态生命表、空间分布格局等3个方面分析了黄檗种群的数量特征与空间分布格局。结果表明:1)黄檗幼龄期个体数较多,中龄期个体数相对稳定,老龄期个体数量稀少,倒"J"的径级结构表明黄檗种群总体属于增长型种群;但局部小种群的径级结构组成比例差异很大。2)在整个黄檗种群的静态生命表中有3个死亡率高峰,第一个是从幼树阶段至小树阶段,第二个是从小树阶段至大树阶段,第二阶段死亡率最高,第三个是大树阶段的末期;3)黄檗空间分布格局总体为集群分布,在不同发育阶段的分布格局受其生物学、生态学特性以及种群发展过程中种内、种间关系的影响呈现出不同的分布格局。因此,调整局部种群的径级结构,采取促进黄檗小树集群分布的措施是促进其种群扩大的重要环节。PheUodendron amu-rense is listed as a second-grade national key protected wild plant in China. In Beijing, it often scatters in broad-leaved forest. In order to understand the structure and spatial distribution of P. amurense population in Beijing, a total of twelve 20 m × 20 m plots in Baihua Mountain, Songshan and Wuling nature reserves were established, and the population characteristics including diameter classes and static life table, and spatial distribution of P. amurense were analyzed. The results showed that： 1 ） The individual amount of juvenile P. amurense was the highest, and that of adult P. amurense was in the middle rank, and old P. amurense had few individuals. Inverted ＂J＂ diameter class structure indicated a growing population of P. amu- rense. But in some local small populations, there were differences in the diameter class structures of the whole population. 2） There were three mortality peaks in the whole growth stage of P. amu- rense, with the first one from sapling stage to small tree stage, the second one from small tree to big tree stage, holding the highest mortality, and the third at the end of big tree stage. 3） The spatial distribution of P. amurense followed an aggregated pattern, while its distribution pattern would be different at different growth stages, due to its biological and ecological characteristics and the influence of intraspecific and interspecific relationship of P. amurense populations. Thus, it is critical for increasing P. amurense population to adjust diameter class composition in local population and facilitate aggregate distribution of young P. amurense.

关 键 词：黄檗 种群结构 存活曲线 静态生命表 分布格局 

分 类 号：S792.31[农业科学—林木遗传育种]