塔里木河下游地下水埋深对草本植物地上特征的影响  

The influence of groundwater depth on aboveground herbaceous characteristics in the lower reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：王希义[1] 徐海量[2] 潘存德[1] 凌红波[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第11期3057-3064,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171427;41471099;31370551;31400466);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2015090);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目(XBBS-2014-13);荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室自主课题项目资助

摘　　要：根据2014年在塔里木河下游5个断面30个植物样地的调查,获取了草本植物群落的特征资料,并记录了相应的地下水埋深数据。根据所收集的相关资料,对研究区内草本植物地上生态特征与地下水埋深间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：1）随着离河道距离的加大,地下水位逐渐降低,草本植物群落生物多样性逐渐减小,盖度降低,结构趋于简单,地下水位6～7 m时草本分布十分稀少;2）地下水埋深与草本植物地上生物量以及地上含水率具有显著的相关性,随着地下水埋深的增加,草本植物的地上生物量逐渐减少,地上含水率也呈减少的趋势,但地上净初级生产力与地下水埋深的关系不明显;3）生态输水使距河道一定范围内地下水位升高明显,在纵向和横向上都表现出一定的规律,生态输水的影响范围逐渐加大,植被的响应也很显著,长势出现明显好转,多样性与盖度均有所增加。Based on the investigation from 30 plant sampling plots on 5 sections and the corre- sponding groundwater data in the lower reaches of Tarim River in 2014, the relationship between groundwater depth and the aboveground ecological characteristics of herbaceous plants was ana- lyzed. The results showed that： （ 1 ） With the increase of distance from river channel, the groundwater depth increased while the biodiversity and the vegetation coverage declined and the structure of plant community became simple. Herbaceous plants were rare when the groundwater depth was 6-7 m. （2） A significant correlation between groundwater depth and abovegroutld bio- mass showed that, as the groundwater depth increased, the aboveground biomass and the mois- ture content decreased, whereas the relationship between groundwater depth and net primary pro- ductivity was inconspicuous. （3） The groundwater level rose obviously nearby the river due to the project of ecological water conveyance and the expansion of the influenced region of ecological water conveyance; the response of vegetation was remarkable, i.e. the growth vigor improved, and the biodiversity and coverage increased obviously.

关 键 词：地下水埋深 生态特征 生物量 生态响应 塔里木河下游 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]