海南省辣椒春季干旱灾害等级指标  

Grade index of spring drought disaster for paprika in Hainan Province

作　　者：张蕾[1,2] 霍治国[1,3] 陈汇林[4] 吴翠玲[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081 [3]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预警预报与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [4]海南省气象科学研究所,海口570203

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第11期3139-3145,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206019);国家科技基础性工作专项(2007FY120100)资助

摘　　要：以辣椒品种海泡一号为试验材料,采用温室大棚人工控制方式,在春季分别设置持续干旱日数(10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50 d)和补水量(0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16 mm)2因素9水平的干旱均匀试验,分析了各处理对辣椒死苗率、生理特性和产量的影响,确定了辣椒春季干旱灾害致灾因子和等级指标。结果表明:辣椒死苗率与20 cm土壤相对湿度呈显著负相关(r=-0.73);辣椒死苗率与持续干旱日数的回归关系显著,与补充水量的相关性较小,持续干旱日数可以作为辣椒春季干旱指标;随着持续干旱日数的增加,辣椒净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈下降趋势,辣椒相对产量损失呈明显加重趋势;辣椒轻度、中度、重度干旱灾害等级的临界值分别为持续干旱日数27、32和36 d,经对比验证,该干旱灾害等级指标与历史灾情相符。Paprika （Capsicum annuum L. ） is sensitive to not only waterlogging but also drought. Taking Haipao No. 1 as the test material in greenhouse, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of drought on physiological parameters and yield of paprika based on two factors [ con- tinuous dry days （ 10-50 days） and irrigation （0-16 mm） ] with nine levels in a uniform design scheme. Through correlation and regression analyses, a grade index of spring drought disaster for paprika was constructed. The results showed that the rate of dead paprika seedlings was negatively correlated with the relative soil moisture at depth 20 cm （r =-0.73 ） and little correlated with irri- gation. Continuous drought duration notably affected the rate of dead paprika seedlings, and thus was chosen as the drought index for paprika. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and sto- matal conductance of paprika decreased and relative yield loss increased significantly with the in- crease of continuous drought duration. Considering the standard of meteorological drought and the regression model relating the rate of dead paprika seedlings with continuous dry days, the critical values of continuous dry days for mild, moderate and severe droughts were 27, 32 and 36 days, respectively. The drought disaster index for paprika fitted well with the actual drought disaster sit- uation and could help provide strategies for monitoring and precaution against drought disaster for paprika.

关 键 词：辣椒 均匀设计 持续干旱日数 死苗率 干旱等级指标 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S423[农业科学—园艺学]