滨海湿地水鸟飞行阻力格局及空间管制策略——以深圳市深圳湾为例  

Waterbird's flight resistance pattern and spatial management strategies for coastal wetlands: A case study of Shenzhen Bay

作　　者：林永红[1] 徐鹏[1] 廖星[2] 王勇军[3] 栾胜基[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境与能源学院,广东深圳518055 [2]北京大学城市规划与设计学院,广东深圳518055 [3]广东省内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区管理局,广东深圳518040

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第11期3182-3190,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：北京大学深圳研究生院院长科研基金项目(2014010)资助

摘　　要：深圳市滨海湿地是国际水鸟赖以生存的环境,同时也是经济发展快速和土地利用结构变化较大的区域,然而建筑密集的城市区域已极大影响到水鸟飞行过程。本文以深圳湾为例,从水鸟觅食飞行过程出发,选取指示物种(小白鹭和琵嘴鸭),结合水鸟回避行为特征,应用最小累积阻力模型建立描述水鸟真实飞行运动的阻力表面,分析了城市区域对水鸟飞行过程的影响机制以及不同城市结构对水鸟飞行过程的影响程度,最终建立包含低、中、高3种阻力飞行区的综合水鸟飞行阻力格局,并制定相应的空间管制策略,以维持水鸟在城市内的飞行过程,由此阐明城市化对生物过程的作用机制对于解决可持续城市建设问题具有很强的现实意义。The coastal wetlands in Shenzhen Bay are internationally important habitats for water- birds. They are also areas with rapid economic development and land use change. However, in- tensive building and construction greatly affect waterbirds＇ flight processes. This study focused on waterbirds＇ flight resistance pattern and spatial management strategies by using minimum cumula- tive resistance （MCR） model and waterbirds＇ foraging flight and avoidance behavior. Little Egret （Egretta garzetta） and Shoveler （Anas clypeata） were selected as indicator species, and resis- tance surfaces were established to simulate these two species＇ horizontal movement across urban regions. Results revealed how urban lands and buildings influence waterbirds＇ flight processes. In addition, a comprehensive flight resistance pattern was built by overlaying the resistance surfaces of the two indicator species, with low, medium and high resistance levels. Finally, relative man- agement strategies were proposed to protect the flight processes of waterbirds. This study illustra- ted that the relationship between urbanizing areas and biological processes has a vital practical significance on sustainable development of city.

关 键 词：生物过程 阻力表面 飞行阻力格局 空间管制策略 滨海湿地 水鸟 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]