微量元素对工业废水好氧生物处理的促进  

Effect of trace elements for improving the aerobic biological treatment of industrial wastewater

作　　者：周律[1] 彭标[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第6期653-659,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2014ZX07215001-001)

摘　　要：印染废水属于典型的难生物处理工业废水,常采用活性污泥法进行处理,但是去除效率不高。微量营养元素对于活性污泥微生物的新陈代谢活动有着重要的影响,从而影响废水去除效率。采用序批式试验确定Mo、Zn和Co等微量营养元素对于活性污泥微生物比好氧速率(SOUR)和印染废水CODCr去除效率的影响,对比多种营养元素混合对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明:添加的营养元素的种类、浓度以及组合形式不同对生物处理效果的影响也不同。单独添加Mo、Zn、Fe、Al和Co元素时的最佳质量浓度分别为0.3mg/L、0.3mg/L、0.4mg/L、0.5mg/L、4mg/L,废水CODCr去除率相对于没添加微量元素的空白组提高了5.82%、12.85%、5.26%、8.28%和9.66%,活性污泥微生物的SOUR分别提高了68.51%、74.87%、6.15%、21.70%和71.64%。添加Mo、Zn和Co时,主要通过促进微生物的代谢活性提高水处理效果,添加Al和Fe主要通过混凝作用提高处理效果。在微生物群落中,金属营养元素的相互作用难以预测。在添加Co和Zn时,采用氯化物或硫酸盐的形式对提高印染废水处理效率无影响。Wastewater from dyeing and printing factories is difficult to treat.Such wastewater is often treated using activated sludge process,but the removal efficiency is not good.Many micronutrients play important roles in the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the activated sludge;thus,the micronutrients can affect the treatment efficiency of dyeing printing wastewater. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of single metal elements,such as Mo,Zn and Co,and combinations of these metal elements on the treatment efficiency of dyeing printing wastewater and the SOUR of activated sludge using a sequencing batch reactor.The results show that dyeing printing wastewater lacks the Mo,Zn,Fe,Al and Co which are important for the metabolic activity of the microorganisms in the activated sludge.The biological treatment of dyeing printing wastewater can be very different depending on the species,concentration and form of the metal elements.When adding single metal elements into the reactor,the optimum concentrations of Mo,Zn,Fe,Al and Co were 0.3mg/L,0.3mg/L,0.4mg/L,0.5mg/L and 4mg/L.The removal rate of CODCr,relative to the rate without any micronutrients is increased 5.82% by Mo,12.85% by Zn,5.26%by Fe,8.28% by Al and 9.66% by Co and the SOUR of the microbial activity in the activated sludge is increased 68.51% by Mo,74.87% by Zn,6.15% by Fe,21.70% by Al and 71.64% by Co.The microorganism metabolic activity was increased by adding Mo,Zn and Co which improved the treatment efficiency.The improved treatment efficiency with Al and Fe was mainly due to the enhanced coagulation with these elements. The interactions of different micronutrients is difficult to predict in microbial communities.The anions of the metal salts had no effect on the biological effects of the trace metals.

关 键 词：印染废水 微量营养元素 活性污泥法 比好氧速率(SOUR) 混凝作用 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]