贵州省北盘江流域鼠疫疫源调查  

A investigation of plague loci in Beipanjiang Basin, Guizhou Province

作　　者：刘昭兵[1] 陈贵春[1] 龚晓俊[1] 王月[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心传防所病媒科,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2015年第11期837-839,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的调查贵州省北盘江流域鼠疫主要宿主动物和媒介蚤类，了解鼠疫疫源状况，为预防控制鼠疫提供依据。方法2008—2010年，采用流行病学现场调查方法，在贵州省北盘江流域沿岸，抽取5个乡（镇）的5个行政村。每个村选择20户涉淹农户，采用笼（夹）法在每户室内布放捕鼠笼，并在野外各类生境布放捕鼠夹，捕获啮齿类动物；同时采用粘蚤纸法调查农户室内游离蚤：在调查村分别采集指示动物和正常人静脉血5ml，分离血清。采用“四步检验”对啮齿类动物脏器和蚤进行鼠疫菌分离；采用间接血凝法（IHA）检测啮齿类动物滤纸血、指示动物和正常人血清鼠疫F1抗体。结果共捕获的啮齿动物243只，其中室内202只，捕获率为4．90％；野外41只，捕获率为1．15％。捕获的啮齿动物分为1目1科4属9种，黄胸鼠和锡金小鼠为优势种。共有5只啮齿动物染蚤，染蚤率为2．06％；共获蚤53匹，总蚤指数为0．2181。鼠体蚤分为2科2属2种。印鼠客蚤为优势种。未检出鼠疫菌和鼠疫Fl抗体。结论北盘江流域沿岸尚未发现鼠疫流行指征，但沿岸具备形成黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地的条件。Objective To survey the major host animal and media fleas of plague in Beipanjiang Basin, to gain insights into plague foei and to provide a basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods According to the epidemiological site survey methods, from 2008 to 2010 five villages in five townships （towns） in coastal watershed of Beipanjiang were selected. The methods of cage trapping and 5 meters thread clamp were used to capture rodents indoor and outdoor, respectively. After rats were anesthetized with ether anesthesia, rat body flea were combed and stored in sterile tubes. The liver and spleen of rodents were collected and stored in the test tube with preservation solution, and free body fleas on rats were collected with flea sticky paper and stored in sterile tubes. Blood specimens （5 ml） of indicating animal and normal people were collected, serum was separated and sent for laboratory test. The four-step method was utilized to isolate Yersinia pestis from rodents and fleas, the indirect hemagglutination （[HA） was used to test F1 antibodies on the blood of rodents filter, blood serum of humans and rodents. Results Totally 243 rodents were captured, 202 indoor and 41 outdoor, the capture rate was 4.90% and 1.15%, respectively. Rodents captured belong to 9 species, 4 genera, 1 family and 1 order, Rattus flavipectus and Mus pahari were dominant species. Five rodents had body flea, the dyed flea rate was 2.06%; 53 fleas were captured, total flea index was 0.218 1. Rat fleas were classified in 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species, and Cheopis was the dominant species. Yersinia pestis and plague F1 were not detected. Conclusion The epidemic indication has not been found in Beipanjiang Basin, but the nurturing conditions for Rattus flavipectus plague foci along the coast are exist.

关 键 词：鼠疫 疫源 调查 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]