株行距配置对齐穗期粳稻冠层结构及产量的影响  

Effects of spacing on the yields and canopy structure of japonica rice at full heading stage

作　　者：李小朋[1] 王术[1] 黄元财[1] 贾宝艳[1] 王岩[1] 曾群云 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第11期3329-3336,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化基金项目(2011GB2B000006);东北老工业地区大学农业科技服务关键技术继承与示范项目(2013BAD20B08);辽宁省百千万人才工程基金项目(2012921026)资助

摘　　要：以辽宁稻区3种穗型粳稻及杂交稻为试材,研究了不同株行距配置对齐穗期粳稻光截获能力、群体内部光分布特征和光转化效率以及产量构成的调控作用.结果表明:与光能截获密切相关的叶面积指数随着密度减小而先降低后升高.一天之内消光系数(K)的变化同样表现为先降低后升高,而不同株行距配置间K值随着种植密度的增加而增大.产量与各冠层消光系数、上部3叶叶倾角呈正相关.在光能利用率方面,产量与剑叶气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率均呈正相关.在高密度(15 cm×25 cm)和低密度(20 cm×30 cm和20 cm×35 cm)株行距配置下,水稻分别可以提高光截获能力和光转化效率,却分别受到倒伏和单位面积穗数的限制而无法获得高产稳产.株行距为15 cm×30 cm和20 cm×25 cm配置下,可以确保足够穗数,优化冠层结构并降低倒伏风险,为高产优质提供保障.With three panicle types of rice varieties and hybrids in Liaoning as entries,the effects of spacing of Japonica rice on light interception capacity,population light distribution,light conversion efficiency at full heading stage and yield were studied. The results showed that the leaf area indices at full heading stage,closely related to light interception,increased first and then decreased with the decrease of transplanting density. The extinction coefficient in one day increased first and then decreased,and the K value increased with the increase of planting density. Yield was positively correlated with canopy extinction coefficient and inclinations of the upper three leaves. In terms of energy efficiency,the yields were positively correlated to flag leaf stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate. At the configuration of high（ 15 cm×25 cm） and low（ 20 cm×30 cm and 20 cm×35 cm） densities,Japonica rice could increase light interception capability and optical conversion efficiency,but could not obtain high and stable yields due to limitation by lodging and panicles of per unit area,respectively. At the configurations of 15 cm × 30 cm and20 cm×25 cm,it was easy to get adequate panicles,optimize the structure of the canopy,reduce lodging risk,and obtain high yield.

关 键 词：株行距 齐穗期 冠层结构 消光系数 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]