黄海夏季虾类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系  

Shrimp community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in the Yellow Sea in summer

作　　者：逄志伟[1] 李显森[1] 应一平[1] 吴强[1] 栾青杉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所/农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室/山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第11期3509-3515,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD18B01);国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFA31410)资助

摘　　要：根据2014年8月在黄海进行的渔业资源和环境综合调查数据,应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法对黄海夏季虾类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究.结果表明：本次调查共捕获虾类20种,隶属于3目10科16属.各调查站点虾类相对资源丰度为13-45047 g·h^-1,平均资源丰度为6838 g·h^-1.优势种为脊腹褐虾,常见种为中华安乐虾,偶见种为戴氏赤虾、葛氏长臂虾、口虾蛄.各站点多样性指数（H）变化范围为0.007-1.538,平均值为0.391;丰富度指数（D）变化范围为0.101-1.138,平均值为0.374;均匀度指数（J）变化范围为0.006-0.947,平均值为0.298.等级聚类分析（Cluster）与非度量多维标度分析（MDS）表明,调查范围基本以45 m等深线为界将所有站点分成两个组群：冷水团组群（Ⅰ）和沿岸组群（Ⅱ）,ANOSIM分析表明两组群差异极显著.BIOENV分析表明,影响黄海夏季虾类群落空间结构的最主要环境因子是底层水温与底层盐度.黄海夏季虾类群落以冷水团组群占绝对优势,黄海冷水团对黄海夏季虾类群落的分布格局具有决定性的影响.Based on the data collected from the bottom trawl survey in Yellow Sea,August,2014,the community structure of shrimp assemblage and its relationships with environmental factors in summer was examined by using index of relative importance,ecological diversity indices and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 20 shrimp species were captured,belonging to 3 orders,10 families,16 genera. The relative abundance of shrimp of all stations ranged from 13 to 45047 g·h^-1and its mean value was 6838 g·h^-1. The dominant species was Crangon affinis,and the common species was Eualus sinensis. The rare species were Metapenaeopsis dalei,Palaemon gravieri and Oratosquilla oratoria. The ranges of Shannon diversity index（ H）,Pielou＇s evenness index（ J）and the Margalef＇s species richness index（ D） of all stations of the shrimp community structure were 0.007-1.538,0.101-1.138 and 0.006-0.947,respectively,and the mean values of H,J and D were 0.391,0.374 and 0.298,respectively. MDS and Cluster analyses revealed that two clusters of Group I named cold water mass group and Group II named coastal group,which were bounded by the 45 m isobaths,were identified for all the sampling stations. Significant difference was detected by ANOSIM analysis between Group I and Group II. BIOENV analysis indicated that bottom temperature and bottom salinity were the most important environmental factors for structuring the spatial distribution of the shrimp assemblage. Cold water mass group accounted for absolute advantage and Yellow Sea cold mass had a decisive influence on the distribution pattern of the shrimp community in the Yellow Sea in summer.

关 键 词：黄海 虾类 群落结构 多样性 环境因子 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]