植物对线虫病害的诱导抗性及其生理生化机制  

Induced Resistance and the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism of Plant Against Nematodes Infections

作　　者：黄文坤[1] 占丽平[1] 吴青松[1] 孔令安[1] 彭焕[1] 崔江宽 彭德良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2015年第11期1501-1508,共8页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31272022);国家科技支撑计划(No.2012BAD19B06);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201103018)

摘　　要：植物对线虫病害的诱导抗性是由特殊的激发因子诱导植物增强对线虫的防御能力。本文综述了植物线虫病害诱导抗性的标准、诱导抗性反应的类型、诱导因子的主要类型及其作用的生理生化机制等。对植物线虫病害诱导抗性的研究将对制定植物线虫的综合防治策略,减少化学杀线虫剂的使用,保护农田生态环境等具有重要意义。Plant parasitic nematode can parasitize various plant species and cause the yield loss of plants,which has been a serious problem in agricultural system around the world. Effectively integrated pest management（IPM） practices are needed to control these nematodes. One of these IPM strategies is the use of resistance inducers or triggers. Resistance of plant induced by special triggers can enhance defense ability of plant against different nematodes. This paper reviewed the criterions and types of induced resistance, main triggers and their physiological and biochemical mechanism in inducing plant to defense against nematodes.To determine whether plant resistance was induced by triggers, the inducing time, virulence factors and gene type of host should be taken into consideration. In recent years, research on induced resistance was focused on the microscopic observation of the interaction of nematode and host, especially on the feeding site of nematode. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. During times of environmental stress, ROS levels can increase dramatically and be generated by exogenous sources such as microorganisms and chemicals. Effects of ROS on cell metabolism are well documented in a variety of species. These include not only roles in programmed cell death but also positive effects such as the induction of host defense genes.When a plant recognizes an attacking pathogen, one of the first induced reactions is to rapidly producesuperoxide（O-2） or hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） to strengthen the cell wall. This prevents the spread of the pathogen to other parts of the plant, essentially forming a net around the pathogen to restrict movement and reproduction. Thereafter, the obseravtion of ROS has been another research area in the interaction of nematode and plants. Serveral compounds have been found to trigger resistance of various plants to defense against different pathogens.

关 键 词：诱导抗性 根结线虫(RKN) 胞囊线虫 菌根真菌 外源激素 生物碳 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]