玉米(Zea may)×四倍体多年生玉米(Zea perennis)可育三倍体形态学和细胞遗传学研究  

Study on Morphologic and Cytogenetic Characterization of Fertile Triploid from Zea may × Zea perennis

作　　者：吕桂华[1] 唐祈林[2] 郭国锦[1] 陈坚剑[1] 荣廷昭[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省东阳玉米研究所,东阳322100 [2]四川农业大学玉米研究所,雅安625014

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2015年第6期1152-1156,共5页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0453);四川饲草育种攻关项目(05jy029-033-2);浙江省公益性面上项目(2014C32028);浙江省重大科技专项农业项目玉米新品种选育(2012C12902-4)

摘　　要：通过将普通玉米与四倍体多年生玉米大量杂交,获得一株部分可育三倍体植株MT-71,为外源遗传物质在普通玉米的导入创造新种质。MT-71杂交结实率分别为3X/2X=7.84%,2X/3X=0.56%,3X/4X=0.52%,开放授粉结实率为1.18%;其花粉母细胞（PMC）染色体平均构型为2.30Ⅰ＋3.72Ⅱ＋6.49Ⅲ＋0.23Ⅳ;3X/2X后代植株染色体几乎包括所有2n=20~30染色体数目,2X/3X和开放授粉后代中染色体数目仅有2n=20,21。结果表明,MT-71可产生有功能的雌雄配子,其中n=10,11的配子更易遗传;雌配子体对额外染色体的传递能力显著高于雄配子体,异源三倍体最有效的遗传方式为3X/2X。By a large number of hybridization between ordinary maize and tetraploid perennial maize, a partially fertile triploid MT-71was obtained,and it created new ordinary maize germplasm. The setting percentage of MT-71 was 7.84% （3X/2X） ,0.56% （2X/3X） ,and 0.52% （3X/4X） respectively.The open pollination rate was 1.18% The chromosome configuration of the pollen mother ceils （ PMC ） was 2. 301 ＋ 3.72 Ⅱ ＋ 6.49 Ⅲ ＋ 0.23 IV. The chromosomes of 3X/2X progenies had almost all 2n = 20 -30 chromosome number, while the chromosome number was only 2n = 20,21 in 2X/3X and open pollination progenies. These results showed that the MT -71 could produce a function male and female gametes ,and n = 10,11 gametes were heritable. Meanwhile ,the extra chromosome transmission ability of the female gametophyte was significantly higher than the male gametophyte, and 3X/2X was the most effective mode of allotriploid.

关 键 词：玉米 四倍体多年生玉米种 非整倍体 减数分裂 2n配子 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]