天然树木和竹子纤维材料的力学性能及仿生研究进展  

Research progress of mechanical properties of natural wood and bamboo fiber composites and their biomimetics

作　　者：尹维[1] 田煜[1] 陶大帅[1] 刘哲瑜[1] 韩志武[2] 张俊秋[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《科学通报》2015年第31期2949-2962,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(51425502);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB707603);国家自然科学基金(51175281;51505248)资助

摘　　要：大自然中的天然生物纤维材料通常具有成分简单、结构精细、高强高韧和低摩擦系数等特性,是新材料设计的灵感源泉.仿生纤维复合材料在现代工业中有广泛的应用.揭示生物纤维复合材料的纤维素纤维丝分布、角度和密度以及界面结构、结合方式与力学性能、摩擦磨损性能之间的相互关系及机理,对相关材料仿生具有重要指导意义.树木和竹子是典型的具有优异力学性能的生物纤维复合材料,广泛被应用于各种传统建筑和舰船部件.本文对以树木和竹子为典型代表的生物纤维复合材料,及其仿生复合材料的纤维特征、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能在近期研究进展进行了综述,以期为相关仿生高强度、耐磨复合材料的设计、制备提供参考.Natural bio-fiber composites have the characteristics of simple elements and sophisticated structure, superior mechanical properties of high strength, high toughness and low coefficient of friction, and are the inspirational sources for the design of new materials. Biomimetic fiber composites have been widely used in modern industry. At present, studies of learning from the natural biological material structure-functional characteristics to manufacturing biomimetic structure--Functional integration material have originated lots of results, such as imitating wood porous ceramic material, imitating shell multi-layer composite materials and imitating bone porous scaffolds, etc. However, a lot of problems still exist, such as fiber is brittle and easy to be pulled out, the size selection of the whisker is difficult, the choice of ceramic matrix composite toughening methods is difficult, etc. To guide advanced biomimetic materials designs, it is important to reveal the relationships between the distribution, angle and density of cellulose, structure and binding mode of interface and the mechanical and frictional properties of the biological fiber composites. Wood and bamboo are the most common natural biological fiber composites which have excellent mechanical properties. They have been widely used in a variety of traditional architectural and ship parts. In this manuscript, recent researches on the mechanical properties of the wood and bamboo as the typical representatives of the natural biological fiber composites have been reviewed. The biomimetic composites of natural fiber materials have been briefly summarized. This tentative review might provide a reference for the design and preparation of biomimetic high strength, wear-resistant fiber composites. Trees and bamboo with excellent tribological properties relies not only on its internal structure, but also on its biological activity. If purely from a mechanical point of view to achieve the purpose of the bionic, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. Mod

关 键 词：树木 竹子 生物纤维复合材料 仿生复合材料 力学性能 摩擦学性能 

分 类 号：TQ351.01[化学工程] TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]